AMYB_SOYBN.stru:

7777485| Each subunit of sweet potato beta-amylase is composed of a large (alpha/beta)8 core domain, a small one made up ofthree long loops (L3 (residues 91-150), L4 (residues 183-258), and L5 (residues 300-327)), and a long C-terminalloop formed by residues 445-493. 
1837016| An amino acid sequence identical to the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the mature subunit appearedimmediately after the initiator methionine of the precursor, indicating that the subunit of beta-amylase is synthesized as amature form. 
8334116| The protein consists of a core with an (alpha/beta)8 supersecondary structure, plus a smaller globular regionformed by long loops (L3, L4, and L5) extending from beta-strands beta 3, beta 4, and beta 5. 
7777485| Its subunit consists of 498 amino acid residues (Mr 55,880). 
9918723| A comparison of the structures of BBA-7s and SBA indicated that the side-chain of Ser376 makes new hydrogen bonds tothe main-chain of an adjacent beta-strand, and that the side-chains of Val297 reduce an unfavorable interaction between theside-chains of Ala314.
2446870| The N-terminal region of the deduced sequence was identical to a 12-residue cyanogen-bromide-peptide sequence,indicating that beta-amylase is synthesized as the mature protein.
8319688| The comparison of the amino acid sequence deduced from the cDNA with the N-terminal peptide sequence from matureenzyme proved that beta-amylase had no leader sequence. 
1491009| The large domain has a (beta alpha)8 super-secondary structure, while the smaller one is formed from two long loopsextending from the beta 3 and beta 4 strands of the (beta alpha)8 structure. 
8174545| To determine which amino acid residues are essential for the catalytic activity of soybean beta-amylase,deoxyoligonucleotide site-directed mutagenesis was employed against aspartyl, glutamyl, and cysteinyl residues located inhighly conserved regions found in beta-amylase family to date.
8011643| However, the saccharide complexes of the active enzyme are associated with a significant (10 A) local conformational changein a peptide segment of a loop (L3) that borders the active site pocket.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
2430952| The N-terminal 9 amino acid sequence of soybean beta-amylase was deduced to beacetyl-Ala-Thr-Ser-Asp-Ser-Asn-Met-(Gly-Leu) from the results of sequence analysis of Pep-4 and amino acid analysis of otheracidic peptides. 
8103452| The complete amino acid sequence of a subunit of sweet potato beta-amylase, a homotetramer, was established bysequence analysis of peptides obtained by digestions with Achromobacter protease I and Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease and bycyanogen bromide cleavage of the S-carboxymethylated subunit. 
8188635| Lundgard and Svensson pointed out that 23 amino acid residues of the peptide fragment derived from the COOH-terminalregion of barley (cultivar Gula) beta-amylase were in agreement with the deduced amino acid sequence reported by Kreis etal., with the exception of a single position (Met-527 compared to Ile) (Carlsberg Res. 
7777485| Conserved Glu 187, believed to play an important role in catalysis, is located at the cleft between the (alpha/beta)8barrel core and a small domain made up of three long loops (L3, L4, and L5).
9918723| The final model included 500 amino acid residues, 141 water molecules and three glucose residues, which were located atsubsites 1-2 and 4 in the active site.
1383095| In the sequence of AmyB, the sequence that is identical to that of the cDNA was split into seven exons by six introns,and the transcription of this gene starts from multiple sites 26 to 30 bp downstream from a potential TATA-box sequence,5'-TATATAA.
8334116| Of the various alpha-cyclodextrin interactions with protein residues in loops L4, L5, L6, and L7, most notable is theshallow inclusion complex formed with Leu 383 (in L7, on the core side of the cleft) through contacts of its methyl groupswith the C-3 atoms of four of the ligand's D-glucopyranosyl residues.
8174545| In contrast, substitution of cysteinyl residue at position 95 by a serinyl residue led to a drastic reducing of theoptimal temperature (from 50 degrees C to 30 degrees C), suggesting that this cysteinyl residue is responsible for thethermal stability of the enzyme.
8534999| In the sequence of the structural gene, a sequence identical to that of the cDNA was found to contain seven exonsand six introns.
1491009| The interface of the two domains together with shorter loops from the (beta alpha)8 structure form a deep cleft, inwhich alpha-cyclodextrin binds slightly away from the center.
8103452| The subunit of the enzyme is a single polypeptide consisting of 498 amino acid residues. 
8103452| It showed 50-60% identity in the amino acid sequence with those of beta-amylases from soybean and barley, while itabout 25% with those of three bacterial beta-amylases deduced from the cDNA sequences. 
9847126| The beta-amylase cDNA encoded a 55.95-kD polypeptide with a deduced amino acid sequence showing high similarity toother plant beta-amylases. 
7716246| A fusion gene composed of the 5' upstream region of the gene for beta-amylase from Arabidopsis and the codingsequence of beta-glucuronidase showed the sugar-inducible expression in a light-dependent manner in rosette leaves oftransgenic Arabidopsis. 
8188635| The beta-amylase was deduced to be composed of 535 amino acid residues and its molecular weight was calculated to be59,610. 
8319688| The cDNA contained an open-reading frame composed of 496 amino acids. 
7777485| The three-dimensional structure of the tetrameric beta-amylase from sweet potato has been determined by molecularreplacement methods using the monomeric structure of soybean enzyme as the starting model.
2430952| The blocked N-terminus and N-terminal sequence of soybean beta-amylase were determined by analyzing the acidicpeptides derived on peptic digestion of the enzyme.
10617198| Heterochromatic regions surrounding the putative centromere, which has not yet been completely sequenced, arecharacterized by an increased frequency of a variety of repeats, new repeats, reduced recombination, lowered gene densityand lowered gene expression.
1837016| The SP6 transcript of a 2,000 base-pair-long cDNA insert directed the synthesis in vitro of a precursor to the subunit ofbeta-amylase which was identical in size with the mature subunit, and the beta-amylase mRNA detected by Northern blothybridization was identical in size with the SP6 transcript of the cDNA insert.
2446870| A graphic matrix homology plot shows four glycine-rich repeats, each of 11 residues, preceding the C-terminus.
1383095| In the 5'-upstream region of AmyB, there are sequences homologous to those conserved in the 5'-upstream regions ofgenes encoding sporamin, which are regulated similarly to AmyB.
8334116| Between the two regions is a cleft that opens into a pocket whose floor contains the postulated catalytic center nearthe carboxyl group of Glu 186.
8334116| All six residues of the bound alpha-cyclodextrin are of 4C1 conformation and are joined by alpha-1,4 linkages withsimilar torsional angles to form a nearly symmetrical torus as reported for crystalline inclusion complexes withalpha-cyclodextrin.
8011643| Crystal structures of soybean beta-amylase reacted with beta-maltose and maltal: active site components and theirapparent roles in catalysis. (title)
8011643| The catalytic center, located between the bound disaccharides and found deeper in the pocket than where the inhibitoralpha-cyclodextrin binds, is characterized by the presence of oppositely disposed carboxyl groups of two conserved glutamicacid residues.
9046591| The N-terminal sequence of the first 20 amino acids of a beta-amylase peptide derived from purified protein isidentical to the 5th through 24th amino acids of the predicted cDNA product, indicating the absence of a conventional signalpeptide in the maize protein.
9461215| The YAC (yeast artificial chromosome)-based physical map of chromosome 4 was used to construct a sequence-ready map ofcosmid and BAC (bacterial artificial chromosome) clones covering a 1.9-megabase (Mb) contiguous region, and the sequence ofthis region is reported here.
8319688| The enzyme activity detected in E. coli lysate drastically increased with a lower cultivation temperature, and the totalactivity and specific activity of the enzyme in E. coli lysate cultured at 13 degrees C was 130-fold and 280-fold,respectively, the value at 37 degrees C.
8319688| His93, involving an imidazole, and Asp348, involving a carboxylate, in the highly conserved regions within thebeta-amylases were replaced by Arg (H93R) and Ash (D348N) by site-directed mutagenesis, respectively.
1837016| Comparison of the amino acid sequences of subunits of sweet potato beta-amylase and seed beta-amylases from barley andsoybean indicated that these enzymes share about 68% amino acid identities among each other. 
2446870| The deduced amino acid sequence was compared with the sequences of ten peptides obtained from the purified enzyme andunambiguous identification was obtained. 
9461215| Analysis of the sequence revealed an average gene density of one gene every 4.8 kilobases (kb), and 54% of the predictedgenes had significant similarity to known genes. 
7777485| Sweet potato beta-amylase is a tetramer of identical subunits, which are arranged to exhibit 222 molecular symmetry.
7777485| The asymmetric unit contains 1 subunit of beta-amylase, with a crystal volume per protein mass (VM) of 2.57 A3/Da and asolvent content of 52% by volume.
7777485| The refined subunit model contains 3,863 nonhydrogen protein atoms (488 amino acid residues) and 319 water oxygenatoms.
2430952| N-terminal sequence of soybean beta-amylase. (title)
9918723| The mutation of Ser295Ala breaks the hydrogen bond between Ser295 OG and Tyr195 OH, which seems to be the reason for theunoccupied glucose residue at subsite 3.
9918723| The tandem mutations at 350-352 including substitutions to two Pro residues suggested the reduction of main-chain entropyin the unfolded structure of this solvent-exposed protruded loop.
8103452| Sweet potato beta-amylase. Primary structure and identification of the active-site glutamyl residue. (title)
1837016| The cDNA insert contained 1,494 base pairs of an open reading frame which codes for the 499-amino-acid-long precursor tothe subunit of beta-amylase.
1837016| Escherichia coli cells harboring the cDNA clone produced the mature-sized subunit of the beta-amylase, and the solubleextract exhibited amylolytic activity which migrated to the same position as the beta-amylase purified from the sweet potato innon-denaturing polyacrylamide gel containing soluble starch indicating that oligomerization of the subunit occurred properlyin E. coli cells.
2446870| The primary structure of barley endosperm beta-amylase, an enzyme which catalyses the liberation of maltose from1,4-alpha-D-glucans, has been deduced from the nucleotide sequence of a cloned full-length cDNA.
1383095| The 5'-upstream region of AmyB also contains sequences to which several previously known plant nuclear factors bind.
9677422| The glucose residue 4 was slightly shifted from the maltose binding site.
8011643| In each case the nonreducing ends of the saccharide ligands are oriented toward the base of the protein's active sitepocket.
8188635| A comparison of the beta-amylase sequences from Haruna two-rows and Hiproly barleys revealed nine differences in thenucleotide sequence which resulted in three changes in the amino acid residues and 21 additional nucleotides at its 3'-end inthe cultivar Haruna two-rows.
1491009| One shares a binding site with alpha-cyclodextrin and the other is situated more deeply in the cleft.
9046591| The cDNA encodes a predicted product of 488 amino acids with significant similarity to known beta-amylases from barley(Hordeum vulgare), rye (Secale cereale), and rice (Oryza sativa). 
8188635| In the cases of beta-amylases from soybean and sweet potato, the positions that corresponded to those at 233 and 347 in theamino acid sequence of beta-amylase from barley were Ala and Ser, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 
2474529| A radioactive peptide was finally isolated and its amino acid sequence was determined to be181Leu-Gly-Pro-Ala-Gly-Glu186. 
7777485| The subunit structure of sweet potato beta-amylase (crystallized in the absence of alpha-cyclodextrin) is very similar tothat of soybean beta-amylase (complexed with alpha-cyclodextrin).
9918723| The crystal structure of the sevenfold mutant of barley beta-amylase with increased thermostability at 2.5 A resolution.(title)
9918723| The three-dimensional structure of the sevenfold mutant of barley beta-amylase (BBA-7s) with increased thermostability wasdetermined by X-ray crystallography.
9918723| Out of the seven mutated amino acids, four (Ser295Ala, Ile297Val, Ser351Pro and Ala376Ser) were substitutions from the commonresidues with SBA to the thermostable forms.
10617198| To assist biological investigations and to define chromosome structure, a coordinated effort to sequence theArabidopsis genome was initiated in late 1996.
10617198| Analysis of 17.38 megabases of unique sequence, representing about 17% of the genome, reveals 3,744 protein coding genes,81 transfer RNAs and numerous repeat elements.
1837016| Unlike beta-amylases from other origins, the sweet potato beta-amylase is a tetramer of identical subunits, and it alsobears starch phosphorylase-inhibitor activity.
1837016| A cDNA for the subunit of sweet potato beta-amylase was obtained by immunological screening of an expression cDNA libraryconstructed by the vector-primer and linker method using a plasmid vector containing tac-SP6 promoters.
2446870| The mRNA is 1754 nucleotides long (excluding the poly(A) tail) and codes for a polypeptide of 535 amino acids with arelative molecular mass of 59,663.
2446870| Dot and northern blot analysis show that Hiproly barley contains greatly increased levels of beta-amylase mRNA compared tothe normal cultivar Sundance, whereas Riso mutant 1508 contains only trace amounts.
8334116| The 2.0-A resolution structure of soybean beta-amylase complexed with alpha-cyclodextrin. (title)
8334116| A refined three-dimensional structure of soybean beta-amylase, complexed with the inhibitor alpha-cyclodextrin, has beendetermined at 2.0-A resolution with a conventional R-value of 17.5%.
8334116| The model contains 491 amino acid residues, 319 water molecules, 1 sulfate ion, and 1 alpha-cyclodextrin molecule.
8334116| We envision a significant role for the methyl groups of Leu 383 at the cleft entrance with respect to the productivebinding of the outer chains of starch.
9677422| This suggests that the binding site of the cyclodextrins is important for its holding of a cleaved substrate, whichenables the multiple attack mechanism of beta-amylase.
8174545| Taking account of the results obtained here, the above two amino acid residues are involved in the catalytic site ofsoybean beta-amylase.
8174545| The replacement of glutamic acid at position 345 decreased activity to below 6% of the non-mutant level, implying that thisresidue may also play a crucial role in beta-amylase activity, although it may not be involved at the catalytic site itself.
8011643| The crystal structures of catalytically competent soybean beta-amylase, unliganded and bathed with small substrates(beta-maltose, maltal), were determined at 1.9-2.2-A resolution.
8011643| Saccharide binding does not alter the spatial coordinates of these two carboxyl groups or the overall conformation of the57-kDa protein.
9046591| Glycine-rich repeats found in the carboxyl terminus of the endosperm-specific beta-amylase of barley and rye are absentfrom the maize gene product.
9461215| Other interesting features were found, such as the sequence of a disease-resistance gene locus, the distribution ofretroelements, the frequent occurrence of clustered gene families, and the sequence of several classes of genes not previouslyencountered in plants.
8319688| Employing the established expression and purification system of the enzyme, the functional ionizable groups in the activesite were searched.
1491009| Three-dimensional structure of soybean beta-amylase determined at 3.0 A resolution: preliminary chain tracing of thecomplex with alpha-cyclodextrin. (title)
1491009| The three-dimensional structure of a complex of soybean beta-amylase (EC 3.2.1.2) with an inhibitor, alpha-cyclodextrin,has been determined at 3.0 A resolution by X-ray diffraction analysis.
1491009| Preliminary chain tracing showed that the enzyme folded into large and small domains.
7777485| Crystallization, molecular replacement solution, and refinement of tetrameric beta-amylase from sweet potato. (title)
7777485| The current R-value is 20.3% for data in the resolution range of 8-2.3 A (with 2 sigma cut-off) with good stereochemistry.
7777485| Conserved Cys 96, important in the inactivation of enzyme activity by sulfhydryl reagents, is located at the entrance of the(alpha/beta)8 barrel.
2430952| The major acidic peptide, Pep-4, was a heptapeptide with a molecular weight of 766.
9918723| The enzyme was purified as a single component and crystallized by a hanging drop method in the presence of 14 % PEG 6000.
9918723| The structure was determined by a molecular replacement method using soybean beta-amylase (SBA) as a search model andrefined to an R-factor of 18.7 %.
10617198| Here we report one of the first milestones of this project, the sequence of chromosome 4.
10617198| Roughly 60% of the predicted protein-coding genes have been functionally characterized on the basis of their homology toknown genes.
9847126| Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) roots contain large quantities of beta-amylase, but little is known about its role in vivo.
9847126| Starch levels, beta-amylase activities, and beta-amylase transcripts were reduced significantly in roots of defoliated plantsand in sucrose-deprived cell cultures. beta-Amylase transcript was high in roots of intact plants but could not be detected 2 to8 d after defoliation. beta-Amylase transcript levels increased in roots between September and October and then declined10-fold in November and December after shoots were killed by frost.
9847126| Alfalfa roots contain greater beta-amylase transcript levels compared with roots of sweetclover (Melilotus officinalis L.),red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.).
9847126| The great abundance of beta-amylase and its unexpected patterns of gene expression and protein accumulation support ourcurrent belief that this protein serves a storage function in roots of this perennial species.
1837016| Molecular cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of cDNA encoding the subunit of sweet potato beta-amylase. (title)
2446870| Primary structure and differential expression of beta-amylase in normal and mutant barleys. (title)
2446870| Southern blotting of genomic DNA demonstrates that beta-amylase is encoded by a small gene family, while cDNA sequenceanalysis indicates the presence of at least two types of mRNA in the endosperm.
2446870| Low but similar amounts of beta-amylase mRNAs sequences were detected in leaves and shoots from normal and mutant barleys,demonstrating that the mutant lys3a (1508) and lysl (Hiproly) genes do not affect the expression of beta-amylase in thesetissues.
1383095| Genomic Southern blot hybridization, restriction maps of independently isolated phage lambda genomic clones, and thenucleotide sequence of AmyB compared with that of the cDNA, all suggested that beta Amy of sweet potato is encoded by a genethat is present in a single copy per haploid genome.
8334116| New crystallographic findings are presented which offer a deeper understanding of the structure and functioning ofbeta-amylase, the first known exo-type starch-hydrolyzing enzyme.
8334116| The annular alpha-cyclodextrin binds in (and partly projects from) the cleft with its glucosyl O-2/O-3 face abutting the(alpha/beta)8 side and with its alpha-D(1 -->
8334116| Rather, it occupies most of the cleft entrance, strongly suggesting that alpha-cyclodextrin inhibits catalysis by blockingsubstrate access to the more deeply located reaction center.
2457058| (Primary structure and function of beta-amylase) (title)
9677422| Crystal structure of recombinant soybean beta-amylase complexed with beta-cyclodextrin. (title)
9677422| In order to study the interaction of soybean beta-amylase with substrate, we solved the crystal structure ofbeta-cyclodextrin-enzyme complex and compared it with that of alpha-cyclodextrin-enzyme complex.
9677422| The purified recombinant enzyme had properties nearly identical to those of native soybean beta-amylase and formed the samecrystals as the native enzyme.
9677422| The crystal structure of recombinant enzyme complexed with beta-cyclodextrin was refined at 2.
9677422| 07-A resolution with a final crystallographic R value of 15.8% (Rfree = 21.1%).
9677422| These results indicate that the expression system established here is suitable for studying structure-functionrelationships of beta-amylase.
9677422| The conformation of the bound beta-cyclodextrin takes an ellipsoid shape in contrast to the circular shape of the boundalpha-cyclodextrin.
8011643| The beta-amylase soaked with maltal shows a similar arrangement of two bound molecules of 2-deoxymaltose, the enzymichydration product.
8011643| The OE2 carboxyl of Glu 186 is below the plane of the penultimate glucose residue (Glc 2) of bound maltotetraose, 2.6 Afrom the oxygen atom of that ligand's penultimate alpha-1,4-glucosidic linkage.
14593172| Functional analysis of a genome requires accurate gene structure information and a complete gene inventory.
14593172| A dual experimental strategy was used to verify and correct the initial genome sequence annotation of the reference plantArabidopsis.
14593172| Sequencing full-length cDNAs and hybridizations using RNA populations from various tissues to a set of high-densityoligonucleotide arrays spanning the entire genome allowed the accurate annotation of thousands of gene structures.
8188635| Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of mRNA from developing barley (cultivar Haruna two-rows) endosperm was used toclone and sequence full-length cDNA encoding beta-amylase.
9461215| Analysis of 1.9 Mb of contiguous sequence from chromosome 4 of Arabidopsis thaliana. (title)
9461215| The relatively small size of the nuclear genome and the availability of extensive physical maps of the five chromosomesprovide a feasible basis for initiating sequencing of the five chromosomes.
8534999| A structural gene encoding beta-amylase of barley. (title)
8534999| A structural gene encoding the beta-amylase that is abundant in the starchy endosperm of ungerminated barley seeds wasisolated and characterized.
2474529| It was concluded that the carboxylate of Glu-186 is a functional group at the catalytic site of soybean beta-amylase.
1491009| Two maltose molecules also bind in the cleft.

ANXB_HUMAN.stru:

1372001| Each protein consists of a conserved core domain having four (or eight) repeats of a segment approximately 70amino acids in length and a nonconserved, usually short, amino-terminal domain. 
1380798| C-terminal region including four imperfect repeats shows 58.1% identity with human synexin (annexin VII), 48.0%identity with annexin I, 47.4% identity with annexin II, 60.1% identity with annexin IV, 54.5% identity with annexin V.
1380798| CAP-50 cDNA encodes a 503 residue protein with a calculated M(r) of 54,043 and shows that the protein is composed offour imperfect repeats and hydrophobic N-terminal region. 
1372001| The 503-amino acid deduced protein consists of a core domain of four annexin repeats and a long amino-terminaldomain rich in glycine, proline, and tyrosine. 
1380798| Hydrophobic N-terminal region composed of 202 amino acid residues is not homologous with other annexin proteinssuggesting that CAP-50 is a novel member of annexin family proteins. 
11013079| The 5' regions consist of untranslated exon 1, followed by an extensive intron 1 comprising almost half the totalgene length of >40 kb, and additional GC-rich exons 2-5 encoding the proline- and glycine-rich amino-terminus. 
11013079| Exons 6-15 of the tetrad core repeat region differ from annexins A7 and A13 but are spliced identically to otherphylogenetic descendents, making annexin A11 the putative primary progenitor of up to nine paralogous human annexins.
8938449| Since annexin XI is known to be localized in the nucleus at certain stages of development, the identification of a regionin tetrad repeats 3 and 4 resembling the "chromo box" domain may be relevant to a nuclear regulatory function ofannexin XI.
1380798| Sequence analysis of two overlapping clones revealed a 81-nucleotides 5'-nontranslated region, 1512-nucleotides of openreading frame, a 672-nucleotides 3'-nontranslated region, and a poly(A) tail.
7508441| Antibodies affinity-purified using the bacterially expressed recombinant protein recognized the 56K autoantigen in a HeLacell extract. cDNA sequencing revealed that the 56K cDNA shares a high degree of homology in both nucleotide (87%) and aminoacid sequence (92.5%) with bovine annexin XI, indicating that the 56K cDNA encodes the human homologue of annexin XI, a memberof the Ca(2+)-dependent phospholipid binding protein family. 
1380798| Authenticity of the clones was confirmed by comparison of portions of the deduced amino acid sequence with eightsequences of proteolytic peptides obtained from rabbit lung protein. 
7508441| The longest open reading frame encodes a 505-amino acid polypeptide, with a predicted molecular mass of 54.4 kDa.
7508441| Patients' sera recognize preferentially the N-terminal region of the protein, which is specific for 56K/annexin XI andnot shared by other annexins, indicating that the autoimmune response to 56K/annexin XI in these patients is specific for thisannexin family member.
11013079| Mouse annexin A11 genomic clones were characterized by restriction analysis, Southern blotting, and DNA sequencing, andthe homologous human gene (HGMW-approved gene symbol ANXA11) was deciphered from high-throughput genomic sequence withcoanalysis of expressed sequence tags.
8938449| The open reading frame was flanked by long, untranslated regions and encoded a 503-amino-acid protein with 93.1%identity to its human orthologue.
1372001| To date, amino acid sequences for eight distinct mammalian annexins have been predicted from cDNAs. 
12477932| The National Institutes of Health Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) Program is a multiinstitutional effort to identify andsequence a cDNA clone containing a complete ORF for each human and mouse gene.
8938449| Mouse annexin XI (anx11)2 was cloned from a macrophage cDNA library and characterized by genetic linkage mapping, DNAsequencing, and structural comparison with other annexins.
8938449| Its 189-aa amino terminus corresponded to the widely expressed variant 1 of two possible, alternatively spliced forms.
7508441| The 56K autoantigen is identical to human annexin XI. (title)
7508441| To clarify the molecular structure of this autoantigen, we isolated a 2.0-kilobase pair cDNA clone considered to encode thefull-length 56K autoantigen.
12477932| Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. (title)
12477932| All MGC sequences and clones are available without restriction through public databases and clone distribution networks(see http:mgc.nci.nih.gov).
1535225| Alternatively spliced annexin XI transcripts encode proteins that differ near the amino-terminus. (title)
1535225| Annexin XI isoforms are predicted to differ at the amino-terminus, suggesting that they may have distinct biological roles.
11013079| Annexin A11 (ANXA11) gene structure as the progenitor of paralogous annexins and source of orthologous cDNA isoforms.(title)
11013079| The genomic organization of the annexin A11 gene was determined in mouse and human to assess its congruity with otherfamily members and to examine the species variation in alternative splicing patterns.
11013079| Multiple transcription start sites were revealed by primer extension analysis of the mouse gene, and transfectionconstructs containing the prospective promoter generated transcriptional activity comparable to that of the SV40 promoter.
11013079| Internal repetitive elements and vicinal gene markers were mapped for the complete human annexin A11 gene sequence tocharacterize the surrounding genomic environment.
8938449| Knowledge of the mouse cDNA sequence and genetic map location will assist in the analysis of genomic organization andexpression and provide a useful animal model to investigate gene function and hereditary phenotype for annexin XI.
1372001| Identification of a novel mammalian annexin. cDNA cloning, sequence analysis, and ubiquitous expression of the annexin XIgene. (title)
1372001| This report describes an additional member of this family, bovine annexin XI, identified by cDNA cloning and sequenceanalysis.
1380798| The cDNA representing the rabbit form of this protein has been cloned from rabbit lung cDNA library.

BRS3_HUMAN.stru:

8131855| The deduced amino acid sequence shows about 86% identity to that of guinea pig bombesin receptor. 
9262170| Both receptor genes consist of three exons with well-conserved intron-exon borders. 
10425452| The predicted amino acid sequence of ovine BRS-3 has approximately 85% identity with the human, mouse and guinea pigreceptors. 
9262170| Comparison of the mouse and human receptor sequences indicates 90% (NMB-R) and 85% (BRS-3) sequence homology at theamino-acid level.
8131855| The gene spans more than 4 kb and consists of 3 exons and 2 introns. 
1325907| The cloned cDNA encodes a 399-amino-acid protein and shows the highest amino acid similarity to members of the bombesinreceptor family; 
1325907| 52% and 47% similarity to the gastrin-releasing-peptide (GRP) receptor and the neuromedin-B receptor, respectively. 
9573346| To gain insight into the underlying structure and chromosomal localization of the BRS-3 genes, bacteriophage P1 genomicclones, harboring the genes for the human and mouse BRS-3, respectively, were isolated and their structure and chromosomallocalizations determined.
9262170| In the brain, the NMB-R gene expression is prominent in the thalamic and olfactory regions, and the BRS-3 gene is expressedparticularly in the hypothalamic region.
10425452| Highly conserved amino acids important in mediating receptor G-protein coupling to second messengers and important inligand binding were found to be conserved in ovine BRS-3.
10425452| One potentially important deviation was noted: ovine BRS-3 possesses an arginine residue at position 294 instead of ahistidine residue as found in all other BRS-3.
8131855| 208, 405) was isolated from a genomic lambda library by the PCR/homology screening approach.
8131855| PCR analysis of genomic DNA from human-mouse cell hybrids allows the cloned gene to be localized to the region q26-q28 onchromosome X.
9573346| The protein-coding region of both genes is divided into three exons and spans approximately 5kb.
9573346| The loci of the BRS-3 genes were mapped to a syntenic region of the human (Xq25) and mouse (XA7.1-7.2) X-chromosome,respectively.
9573346| The structural data of the BRS-3 genes derived from this study will permit future investigations of the mechanismsregulating their expression.
1325907| The homology screening approach has been used to clone a new member of the guanine-nucleotide-binding-protein-coupledreceptor superfamily from guinea pig uterus.
9262170| Together with the mouse GRP-R gene cloned previously, cloning of the mouse NMB-R and BRS-3 genes permits comparison offunction and structure of the three bombesin receptor subtypes in the mouse.
10425452| We have reported a novel form of gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) present in high abundance in the pregnant uterus ofwomen and sheep.
10425452| This pattern of BRS-3 expression is similar to that observed in the mouse but different from that observed in the human,rat and guinea pig.

CB2R_HUMAN.stru:

8679694| The 3.7 kb sequence contains an open reading frame encoding a protein of 347 residues sharing 82% overall identitywith the only other known peripheral receptor, human CB2 (hCB2) and shorter than hCB2 by 13 amino acids at the carboxylterminus.
10688601| Sequence analysis of the coding region of the rat CB(2) genomic clone indicates 90% nucleic acid identity (93% aminoacid identity) between rat and mouse and 81% nucleic acid identity (81% amino acid identity) between rat and human.
12084572| Alignment of rCB2 with mouse (mCB2) and human (hCB2) peripheral cannabinoid receptors reveals a high degree of homologyexcept in the carboxy terminus where rCB2 is 50 and 63 residues longer than hCB2 and mCB2, respectively.
12477932| The National Institutes of Health Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) Program is a multiinstitutional effort to identify andsequence a cDNA clone containing a complete ORF for each human and mouse gene.
9261404| By interspecific backcross analysis, it was shown that Evi11 is located at the distal end of mouse chromosome 4, in aregion that shows homology with human 1p36.
10688601| Furthermore, unlike the CB(1) receptor, the sequences of the mouse and human CB(2) receptor are divergent, raising thepossibility of species specificity.
8679694| Binding experiments with membranes from COS-3 cells transiently expressing mCB2 showed that the synthetic cannabinoid WIN55212-2 had a 6-fold lower affinity for mCB2 than for hCB2, whereas both receptors showed similar affinities for the agonistsCP 55,940, delta(9)-THC and anandamide and almost no affinity for the central receptor- (CB1) specific antagonist SR 141716A.
12477932| Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. (title)
12477932| All MGC sequences and clones are available without restriction through public databases and clone distribution networks(see http:mgc.nci.nih.gov).
9261404| The genes encoding the peripheral cannabinoid receptor and alpha-L-fucosidase are located near a newly identified common virusintegration site, Evi11. (title)
9261404| A new common region of virus integration, Evi11, has been identified in two retrovirally induced murine myeloid leukemiacell lines, NFS107 and NFS78.
9261404| The genes encoding the peripheral cannabinoid receptor (Cnr2) and alpha-L-fucosidase (Fuca1) were identified near theintegration site by using a novel exon trapping system.
9261404| In addition, proviral integrations were demonstrated within the 3' untranslated region of Cnr2 in five independent newlyderived CasBrM-MuLV (mouse murine leukemia virus) tumors, CSL13, CSL14, CSL16, CSL27, and CSL97.
9261404| The Cnr2 gene encodes a seven-transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptor which is normally expressed in hematopoietictissues.
12084572| PCR screening and sequencing of rat genomic DNA showed that rCB2 is encoded by three exons interrupted by two introns, oneof which is polymorphic and contains a 209 base pair B2 (SINE) element.
12084572| The importance of the carboxy terminus in regulating CB2 receptor desensitization and internalization iswell-established.
12084572| Thus, the profound differences identified in this region of the CB2 receptor between species mandates caution whenextrapolating experimental results from non-human models to the effects of chronic CB2 receptor stimulation in humans.

DVL3_MOUSE.stru:

8922524| The region of highest conservation between all three Dvl coding regions, at 97% identity, is noted at the PDZ domain(also termed the DHR domain or GLGF motif), a motif of 60 amino acids present in all dishevelled encoded proteins and firstdescribed in the Drosophila discs large (dlg) tumor suppressor gene.
9192851| Two of these regions do not exhibit significant sequence similarity with other known proteins; the third is similar tothe discs-large homology region, which was first found in a Drosophila Discs-large tumor suppressor protein (also known asGLGF or PDZ domain).
8887313| The segment polarity gene dishevelled (dsh) of Drosophila is required for pattern formation of the embryonic segmentsand the adult imaginal discs. dsh encodes the earliest-acting and most specific known component of the signal transductionpathway of Wingless, an extracellular signal homologous to Wnt1 in mice.
9039502| Protein motifs that matched those in the PROSITE motif database were found in 25 genes and significant transmembranedomains were identified in 30 genes.
9192851| Amino acid similarity between the different Dishevelled proteins is concentrated in three highly conserved regions.
8887313| The Dvl2 amino acid sequence is equally related to the dsh sequence as is that of Dvl1, but Dvl2 is most similar to theXenopus homolog Xdsh. 
8922524| The predicted amino acid sequence shares 64 and 62% identity to Dvl1 and Dvl2, respectively. 
8288125| Overall, cells lacking dsh are unable to adopt fates specified by Wg. dsh functions cell autonomously, indicating that it isinvolved in the response of target cells to the Wg signal. dsh is expressed uniformly in the embryo and encodes a novel proteinwith no known catalytic motifs, although it shares a domain of homology with several junction-associated proteins.
9039502| Taking into account of both the search data on sequence similarity and protein motifs, at least seven genes wereconsidered to be related to transcriptional regulation and six genes to signal transduction.
7958461| While no functional motifs were identified, one region of Dvl-1 was found to be similar to a domain of discs large-1(dlg), a Drosophila tumor suppressor gene.
11354832| We sequenced the complete coding sequence and a large part of the intronic genomic sequence for the SHRSP strain andits reference Wistar-Kyoto strain.
7744250| A deletional analysis of Dsh identifies several conserved domains essential for activity, among which is a so-calledGLGF/DHR motif.
8644734| Human homologue sequences to the Drosophila dishevelled segment-polarity gene are deleted in the DiGeorge syndrome. (title)
8149913| Further, polarized cells in all body segments require dishevelled function to establish planar cell polarity, and somewingless alleles and dishevelled; wingless double heterozygotes exhibit bristle polarity defects identical to those seen indishevelled alone.
9039502| Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. VI. The coding sequences of 80 new genes(KIAA0201-KIAA0280) deduced by analysis of cDNA clones from cell line KG-1 and brain. (title)
9039502| In this series of projects of sequencing human cDNA clones which correspond to relatively long and nearly full-lengthtranscripts, we newly determined the sequences of 80 clones, and predicted the coding sequences of the corresponding genes,named KIAA0201 to KIAA0280.
9039502| The average size of the clones was 5.3 kb, and that of distinct ORFs in clones was 2.8 kb, corresponding to a protein ofapproximately 100 kDa.
9039502| Computer search against the public databases indicated that the sequences of 22 genes were unrelated to any reported genes,while the remaining 58 genes carried sequences which show some similarities to known genes.
7958461| The 695-amino-acid protein encoded by the mouse dishevelled gene (Dvl-1) shares 50% identity (65% similarity) with dsh.
7958461| The majority of Dvl-1 expression in the adult cerebellum is in the granular cell layer, similar to the pattern seen forengrailed-2 (En-2).
9132266| The Dvl-1 gene is organized into 15 exons ranging in size from 68 to 1315 bp spanning a region of 12,409 bp, with thelargest and smallest intron being 5545 and 71 bp, respectively.
9132266| Sequence analysis of the 5'-flanking region of the gene revealed a high GC content, six CCGCCC Sp-1-binding motifs, CREB,LBP-1 (leader-binding protein 1), and TGGCA-binding consensus sites.
7744250| Wg signaling generates a hyperphosphorylated form of Dsh, which is associated with a membrane fraction.
7744250| We conclude that dsh, a highly conserved gene, is not merely a permissive factor in Wg signaling but encodes a novelsignal transduction molecule, which may function between the Wg receptor and more downstream signaling molecules.
9192851| Our results indicate that the human dishevelled genes constitute a multigene family and that Dishevelled proteins are highlyconserved among metazoans.
12477932| The National Institutes of Health Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) Program is a multiinstitutional effort to identify andsequence a cDNA clone containing a complete ORF for each human and mouse gene.
8644734| We report the isolation of human cDNAs homologous to the Drosophila dishevelled (dsh) segment-polarity gene.
8644734| Sequences homologous to the 3' UTR of these transcripts (DVL-22) were positioned within the DGS critical region and werefound to be deleted in DGS patients.
8644734| Two transcripts, 3.2 and 5kb, were detected, in northern blot analysis, with different expression patterns in the surveyedtissues when different cDNAs were used.
8644734| The isolated cDNAs exhibit high amino acid homology with the mouse and Xenopus Dvl-1 gene, the only other vertebrate dshhomologues so far isolated.
8644734| Since DGS may be due to perturbation of differentiation mechanisms at decisive embryological stages, a Dsh-like gene in thesmall-region overlap (SRO) might be a candidate for the pathogenesis of this disorder.
8887313| Conservation of dishevelled structure and function between flies and mice: isolation and characterization of Dvl2. (title)
8149913| dishevelled is required during wingless signaling to establish both cell polarity and cell identity. (title)
8149913| The dishevelled gene of Drosophila is required to establish coherent arrays of polarized cells and is also required toestablish segments in the embryo.
8149913| The dishevelled gene encodes a novel intracellular protein that shares an amino acid motif with several other proteins thatare found associated with cell junctions.
8149913| We propose that dishevelled encodes an intracellular protein required to respond to a wingless signal and that thisinteraction is essential for establishing both cell polarity and cell identity.
8288125| The Drosophila segment polarity gene dishevelled encodes a novel protein required for response to the wingless signal.(title)
8288125| The dishevelled (dsh) gene mediates these signaling events as well as wg-dependent induction across tissue layers in theembryonic midgut. dsh is also required for the development processes in which wg functions in adult development.
8288125| Our results demonstrate that dsh encodes a specific component of Wg signaling and illustrate that Wnt proteins may utilizea novel mechanism of extracellular signal transduction.
9298901| Mice completely deficient for Dvl1, one of three mouse homologs of the Drosophila segment polarity gene Dishevelled, werecreated by gene targeting.
9344861| dishevelled (Dsh) is a member of the segment polarity gene family in Drosophila which plays an important role in the earlydevelopmental patterning processes.
9344861| The human DVL-3 gene encodes a predicted 716 amino acid protein which exhibits 98% amino acid identity with mouse Dvl-3 and49% with Drosophila Dsh.
9039502| Among the known genes to which significant similarity was shown, the genes that play key roles in regulation ofdevelopmental stages, apoptosis and cell-to-cell interaction were included.
7958461| Isolation and characterization of a mouse homolog of the Drosophila segment polarity gene dishevelled. (title)
7958461| We have isolated a mouse homolog of the Drosophila dsh segment polarity gene.
7958461| From 7.5 days postcoitum Dvl-1 is expressed throughout the developing brain and spinal cord, including those regionsexpressing Wnt-1 and En.
7600981| Lineage tracing experiments show that cells derived from the injected blastomere contribute to anterior and dorsalstructures of the induced axis.
7600981| These studies suggest that Wnt signal transduction pathway is conserved between Drosophila and vertebrates and point to arole for maternal Xdsh product in dorsal axis formation and in neural induction.
11354832| A quantitative trait locus on chromosome 5 in the rat is linked to sensitivity to brain ischemia in the stroke-pronespontaneously hypertensive rat (SHRSP).
11354832| DVL-1 had not yet been identified in the rat, but Anp, Bnp, and DVL-1 map to the homologous regions of the rat chromosome5 quantitative trait locus in both mice and man.
11354832| The DVL-1 sequence in the two strains was identical.
8922524| The Drosophila dishevelled (dsh) segment polarity gene is required to establish cell fates specified by wingless/Wnt signaltransduction during development.
8817329| DVL-1 and DVL-3 putative protein products show 64% amino acid identity.
8817329| The DVL-1 product is 50% identical to dsh and 92% to a murine dsh homologue (Dvl-1).
8817329| DVL-1 locus on chromosome 1 corresponds to the murine syntenic region where Dvl-1 is located.
8817329| Although the precise role of these genes in embryogenesis is only conjectural at present, the structural and evolutionarycharacteristics suggest that mutations at their loci may be involved in neural and heart developmental defects.
9132266| We have characterized the genomic organization of a mouse homolog (Dvl-1) of Drosophila dishevelled, a segment polaritygene required for wingless signal transduction.
9132266| However, neither TATA or CAAT boxes are present, a characteristic shared by other GC-rich promoters.
9132266| The 5'-flanking region has strong promoter activity when placed upstream of the luciferase gene.
7744250| Genetic evidence indicates that another segment polarity gene, dishevelled (dsh) is required for Wg signaling.
9192851| Human dishevelled genes constitute a DHR-containing multigene family. (title)
12477932| Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. (title)
12477932| All MGC sequences and clones are available without restriction through public databases and clone distribution networks(see http:mgc.nci.nih.gov).

ELIA_PHYCP.stru:

8994969| The overall structure has a novel fold consisting of six alpha helices and a beak-like motif, whose sequenceis highly conserved within the family, composed of an antiparallel two-stranded beta sheet and an omega loop. 
8031752| The data show five alpha-helical regions comprising residues 5-18, 26-33, 44-58, 59-67, and 86-98 and a two-strandedantiparallel beta-sheet involving residues 70-75 and 80-85, packed around a hydrophobic core grouping all of thearomatic residues.
8125100| The secondary structure topology of the molecule is composed of five helices and an antiparallelbeta-sheet. 
8125100| Sequential assignment and secondary structure determination is illustrated for beta-sheet, alpha-helix and loopstructures by analysis of planar cross sections perpendicular to the omega 2 or omega 3 axis at the amide proton resonancefrequencies. 
8031752| The C-terminal secondary structure motifs of capsicein evoke phospholipase structural features, which suggeststhat elicitins might interact with the lipidic molecules of the plasma membrane. 
1368359| The CD spectra showed that their secondary structure was largely conserved, exhibiting ca 50% alpha-helix andlittle or no beta-structure. 
2776750| 85% identity was observed between both sequences: only two short terminal regions are heterologous, while the centralcore is entirely conserved.
9385630| The structure of beta cryptogein reveals a novel protein fold, with five helices and a double-stranded beta-sheetfacing an omega-loop.
8125100| Four of the helices compose two pairs running antiparallel while the last one is parallel to the beta-sheet.
9385630| One edge of the beta-sheet and the adjacent face of the omega-loop form a hydrophobic cavity.
9385630| This cavity made of highly conserved residues represents a plausible binding site.
8031752| The backbone 1H and 15N resonance assignments and solution secondary structure determination of capsicein, a protein of98 residues with a molecular mass of 10161 Da, are presented. 
8125100| The improvement of spectral resolution using these experiments allows the size of molecules amenable to structuredetermination by NMR spectroscopy to be extended.
2776750| They consist of 98 residues, with some internal repetitions of hexapeptides and heptapeptides. 
8274771| Based on elicitin amino acid sequences, elicitin-coding sequences from P. parasitica were amplified by the polymerasechain reaction. 
8031752| 1H and 15N resonance assignment and secondary structure of capsicein, an alpha-elicitin, determined by three-dimensionalheteronuclear NMR. (title) 
8031752| A combination of 3D HOHAHA-HMQC and 3D NOESY-HMOC experiments allowed the identification of spin systems withthrough-bond correlations, which were in turn correlated by through-space connections.
8031752| A 3D HMQC-NOESY-HMQC experiment was performed which characterized the NH(i)-NH(i+1) connections specific to alpha-helicalstructures.
8031752| This proved particularly useful for the assignment of degenerate amide protons of successive residues in alpha-helicalstructures.
2776750| They are proteins of similar Mr (respectively 10,323 and 10,155) and their complete amino acid sequences were determined.
2583277| The phytopathogenic fungi Phytophthora cinnamomi cause systemic leaf necrosis on its non-host tobacco; in culture, itsecretes a protein, called cinnamomin, which elicits leaf necrosis and protects tobacco against the pathogen Phytophthoranicotianoe, in a way similar to cryptogein and different from capsicein, elicitins of known amino acid sequences. 
2776750| Secondary structure predictions, hydropathy and flexibility profiles differ only around position 15 and at theC-terminus; these modifications could play a role in the modulation of their biological activities.
9385630| A set of 18 structures was calculated using 1360 NOE-derived distance restraints and 40 dihedral angle restraintsobtained from 3JHNH alpha couplings.
9385630| The RMS deviation from the mean structure is 0.87 +/- 0.14 A for backbone atoms and 1.34 +/- 0.14 A for all thenon-hydrogen atoms of residues 2 to 98.
9385630| Residue 13, which has been identified from directed mutagenesis and natural sequence comparison studies as a key amino acidinvolved in the differential control of necrosis, is surface exposed and could contribute to the binding to a ligand or areceptor.
9385630| The solution structure is close to the X-ray structure, with slight differences lightly due to the crystal packing.
1368359| This residue could be either an active or a regulatory site, involved in the interaction with a receptor responsible fornecrosis induction.
8125100| Resonance assignment, cysteine-pairing elucidation and secondary-structure determination of capsicein, an alpha-elicitin, bythree-dimensional 1H NMR. (title)
8125100| Difficulties encountered in the interpretation of two-dimensional NMR spectra of proteins exceeding roughly 100 aminoacids, including resonance overlap and line broadening due to longer correlation times and/or aggregation phenomena, can beovercome by using three-dimensional 1H-NMR experiments.
8274771| Some isolates of P. parasitica that did not produce elicitins still contained elicitin-coding sequences but did notaccumulate elicitin mRNA.
8994969| The crystal structure determination of beta-cryptogein (CRY), secreted by Phytophthora cryptogea, was undertaken toidentify structural features important for the necrotic activity of elicitins.
8994969| RESULTS: The structure of CRY was determined using the multiwavelength anomalous diffraction technique and refined to 2.2 Aresolution.
8994969| This motif is assumed to be a major recognition site for a putative receptor and/or ligand.
7763784| These 98 residue proteins were purified, sequenced and compared with other known elicitins.
7763784| In addition to the point mutation already known to correlate with the differences in necrotic activities between alpha andbeta isoforms, we found another region of the molecule likely to be involved in the regulation of the toxicity.
2776750| Cryptogein causes visible leaf necrosis starting at about 1 microgram/plant, whereas 50-fold as much capsicein is requiredfor the same reaction.
2776750| After a search of the sequence data bases, they appear to be novel proteins.
9385630| Three-dimensional solution structure of beta cryptogein, a beta elicitin secreted by a phytopathogenic fungus Phytophthoracryptogea. (title)
9385630| Cryptogein belongs to a new family of 10-kDa proteins called elicitins.
9385630| The solution structure of beta cryptogein from Phytophthora cryptogea fungus was determined by using multidimensionalheteronuclear nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
1368359| These 98 residue proteins were sequenced and compared with other known elicitins.
8664508| We have isolated and cloned sequences encoding cryptogein and related isoforms from P. cryptogea that belong to theelicitin family.
8274771| A genomic clone containing a complete elicitin gene, parA1, was isolated and sequenced.
8274771| Elicitin was confirmed to be encoded as a precursor protein containing a 20-amino acid signal peptide that is processedbefore secretion.
8274771| Bacterial expression of the cloned elicitin gene as a translational fusion protein containing glutathione S-transferaseyielded a biologically active protein capable of inducing a hypersensitive response in tobacco, suggesting that fungus-specificpostranslational modifications of elicitin are not required for its activity.
8031752| The sequential assignment was obtained for main- and side-chain resonances and led to the identification of all secondarystructures.
8994969| Crystal structure of a fungal elicitor secreted by Phytophthora cryptogea, a member of a novel class of plant necroticproteins. (title)
8994969| BACKGROUND: Elicitins form a novel class of plant necrotic proteins which are secreted by Phytophthora and Pythium fungi,parasites of many economically important crops.
8994969| No crystal structures of this class of protein are available.
8994969| CONCLUSIONS: The determination of the crystal structure of a member of the elicitin family may make it possible to separatethe activity that causes leaf necrosis from that inducing systemic acquired resistance to pathogens, making it feasible toengineer a non-toxic elicitin that only elicits plant defences.
2583277| Amino acid sequence of cinnamomin, a new member of the elicitin family, and its comparison to cryptogein and capsicein.(title)
2583277| The cinnamomin sequence has been determined and compared to other elicitins.
2583277| The differences in the 3 elicitin sequences were correlated to the biological activities: 2 lysines were ascribed as thekey amino acids involved in the differential control of protection with respect to necrosis.

FLGK_ECOLI.stru:

8158647| The N-terminal sequence of HAP3 was found to be similar to the N-terminal sequence of flagellin, and thepossibility that it provides a nucleation site for the C-terminal region of flagellin is discussed.
2193164| With the exceptions of the N-terminal region of HAP2, and the C-terminal region of flagellin, proline residueswere absent from the terminal regions of the axial proteins.
2193164| Moreover, with the exception of the N-terminal region of HAP2, the terminal regions contained hydrophobicresidues at intervals of seven residues.
2193164| We suggest that this is likely to be true of the other axial structures as well, and specifically that interaction betweenN-terminal and C-terminal alpha-helices may be important in the formation of the axial structures of the flagellum.
2544561| FliF, as is usual for a cytoplasmic membrane protein of a procaryote, lacked a signal peptide; it is predicted to haveconsiderable alpha-helical structure, including an N-terminal sequence that is likely to be membrane-spanning.
2181149| The stoichiometries for the ring proteins are approximately 26 subunits each for the M-ring protein (FliF), theP-ring protein (FlgI), and the L-ring protein (FlgH); the protein responsible for the S-ring feature is not known.
8905232| This region contains at least 681 potential open reading frames, of which 277 (41%) have been previously identified,147 (22%) are homologous to other known genes, 139 (20%) are identical or similar to the hypothetical genes registered indatabases, and the remaining 118 (17%) do not show a significant similarity to any other gene. 
2181149| These stoichiometries may derive from rules for the heterologous interactions that occur when a helical structureconsists of successive segments constructed from different proteins; the stoichiometries within the hook and the distalportion of the rod must, however, be set by different mechanisms. 
2544561| FlgH and FlgI, which are exported across the cell membrane to their destinations in the outer membrane and periplasmicspace, respectively, both had typical N-terminal cleaved signal-peptide sequences.
2544561| A notable example occurs within the flgB operon, where between the end of flgG (encoding the distal rod protein of the basalbody) and the start of flgH (encoding the L-ring protein) there was an unusually long noncoding region containing apotential stem-loop sequence, which could attenuate termination of transcription or stabilize part of the transcript againstdegradation.
8158647| Our results show that the ability of a filament composed of normal flagellin subunits to resist mechanical stressdepends on the structure of the protein (HAP3) to which it is attached at its base. 
2193164| We present here the amino acid sequences of the hook protein and the three HAPs of Salmonella typhimurium, as deducedfrom the DNA sequences of their structural genes (flgE, flgK, flgL and fliD, respectively). 
2544561| FlgH is predicted to have a considerable amount of beta-sheet structure, as has been noted for other outer membraneproteins.
2193164| In the case of the filament and the hook, the terminal regions are believed to be responsible for the quaternaryinteractions between subunits.
2181149| Such values would correspond to either one or two turns of a helical structure with a basic helix of approximately 5.5subunits per turn, which is the geometry of both the hook and the filament and, one supposes, the rod and hook-associatedproteins.
2181149| The rings presumably have rotational rather than helical symmetry, in which case the stoichiometries would be directlyconstrained by the intersubunit bonding angle.
2544561| We have determined the sequences of these genes and the flgJ gene and examined the deduced amino acid sequences oftheir products. 
2544561| L-, P-, and M-ring proteins of the flagellar basal body of Salmonella typhimurium: gene sequences and deduced proteinsequences. (title)
2544561| However, it had overall a quite hydrophilic sequence with a high charge density, especially towards its C terminus.
2193164| Together, these observations suggest that the axial proteins may have amphipathic alpha-helical structure at their N andC termini.
2544561| The flgJ gene, immediately adjacent to flgI and the last gene of the flgB operon, encodes a flagellar protein of unknownfunction whose deduced sequence was hydrophilic and may correspond to a cytoplasmic protein.
8158647| The mutations mapped to the middle of flgL, to structural gene for HAP3, and sequence analysis revealed the same codingchange in both mutants: a substitution of cysteine for arginine 168.
9278503| The genome also contains insertion sequence (IS) elements, phage remnants, and many other patches of unusual compositionindicating genome plasticity through horizontal transfer.
12644504| The two strains exhibit differences in prophages, insertion sequences, and island structures.
8905232| A 718-kb DNA sequence of the Escherichia coli K-12 genome corresponding to the 12.7-28.0 min region on the linkage map.(title)
8905232| The 718,122 base pair sequence of the Escherichia coli K-12 genome corresponding to the region from 12.7 to 28.0 minuteson the genetic map is described.
2193164| Within the bacterial flagellum the basal-body rod, the hook, the hook-associated proteins (HAPs), and the helical filamentconstitute an axial substructure whose elements share structural features and a common export pathway.
2193164| Hook protein and flagellin, which occupy virtually identical helical lattices, did not resemble each other strongly butshowed some limited similarities near their termini.
2181149| The distal rod protein (FlgG) is present at approximately 26 subunits, while the proximal rod proteins (FlgB, FlgC andFlgF) are present at only approximately six subunits each.
2181149| The ring stoichiometries are discussed in light of other information concerning flagellar structure and function.
11677608| Many S. enterica serovars actively invade the mucosal surface of the intestine but are normally contained in healthyindividuals by the local immune defence mechanisms.
2544561| The flgH, flgI, and fliF genes of Salmonella typhimurium encode the major proteins for the L, P, and M rings of theflagellar basal body.
2544561| FlgI is predicted to have an even greater amount of beta-structure.
2544561| Several aspects of the DNA sequence of these genes and their surrounds suggest complex regulation of the flagellar genesystem.
2544561| Another example is the interface between the flgB and flgK operons, where transcription termination of the former may occurwithin the coding region of the latter.
11677609| Complete genome sequence of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium LT2. (title)
11677609| The 352 gene homologues of S. typhimurium LT2 confined to subspecies I of S. enterica-containing most mammalian and birdpathogens-are useful for studies of epidemiology, host specificity and pathogenesis.
11677609| Most of these homologues were previously unknown, and 50 may be exported to the periplasm or outer membrane, renderingthem accessible as therapeutic or vaccine targets.
8158647| Two mutants with defects in hook-associated protein 3 (HAP3) were isolated that exhibit impaired swimming only when theyinteract with a solid surface or a semisolid matrix.
8158647| Motility and chemotaxis were normal in liquid media, even in media containing viscous agents, but cells failed to swarm in0.28% agar.
8158647| However, filaments rotating counterclockwise close to a glass surface transformed from normal to straight, while filamentsrotating clockwise transformed from curly to straight.
9278503| The complete genome sequence of Escherichia coli K-12. (title)
9278503| The 4,639,221-base pair sequence of Escherichia coli K-12 is presented.
9278503| Comparison with five other sequenced microbes reveals ubiquitous as well as narrowly distributed gene families; manyfamilies of similar genes within E. coli are also evident.
9278503| The largest family of paralogous proteins contains 80 ABC transporters.
12644504| We present the 4.8-Mb complete genome sequence of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi strain Ty2, a human-specific pathogencausing typhoid fever.
12644504| A comparison with the genome sequence of recently isolated S. enterica serovar Typhi strain CT18 showed that 29 of the4,646 predicted genes in Ty2 are unique to this strain, while 84 genes are unique to CT18.
12644504| Both genomes contain more than 200 pseudogenes;
8905232| In this region, we assigned a cluster of cit genes encoding multienzyme citrate lyase, two clusters of fimbrial genes and aset of lysogenic phage genes encoding integrase, excisionase and repressor in the e14 genetic element.
8905232| In addition, a new valine tRNA gene, designated valZ, and a family of long directly repeated sequences, LDR-A, -B and -C,were found.
2193164| Flagellar hook and hook-associated proteins of Salmonella typhimurium and their relationship to other axial components of theflagellum. (title)
2193164| We compared these sequences with each other and with those for the filament protein (flagellin) and four rod proteins,which have been described previously (Joys, 1985;
2193164| Hook protein most strongly resembled the distal rod protein (FlgG) and the proximal HAP (HAP1), which are thought to beattached to the proximal and distal ends of the hook, respectively; the similarities were most pronounced near the N and Ctermini.
2193164| HAP3 and HAP2, which form the proximal and distal boundaries of the filament, showed few similarities to flagellin, eachother, or the other axial proteins.
2193164| Although consensus sequences were noted among some of the proteins, such as the rod, hook and HAP1, no consensus extendedto the entire set of axial proteins.
2181149| The stoichiometries of components within the flagellar hook-(basal-body) complex of Salmonella typhimurium have beendetermined.
2181149| The hook protein (FlgE), the most abundant protein in the complex, is present at approximately 130 subunits.
2181149| Hook-associated protein 1 (FlgK) is present at approximately 12 subunits.
11677608| Complete genome sequence of a multiple drug resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi CT18. (title)
11677608| Here we have sequenced the 4,809,037-base pair (bp) genome of a S. typhi (CT18) that is resistant to multiple drugs,revealing the presence of hundreds of insertions and deletions compared with the Escherichia coli genome, ranging in size fromsingle genes to large islands.
11677608| Notably, the genome sequence identifies over two hundred pseudogenes, several corresponding to genes that are known tocontribute to virulence in Salmonella typhimurium.

GAA6_CHICK.stru:

1647983| The gamma 3 subunit shares approximately 66% sequence identity with the gamma 2 subunit but only 38% and 29%with alpha 1 and beta 1 subunits, respectively.
2561970| These subunits, gamma 2 and delta, share approximately 35% sequence identity with alpha and beta subunits andform functional GABA-gated chloride channels when expressed alone in vitro.
2556293| The predicted 51 amino acid long mature protein contains an exceptionally long intracellular domain and shares 53-56%sequence similarity to the previously characterized alpha 1, alpha 2 and alpha 3 subunits. 
9892355| Each subunit of the pentameric receptor protein has ligand-binding sites in the amino-terminal extracellular domainand four membrane-spanning regions, one of which forms a wall of the ion channel. 
2538761| We now report the isolation of a cloned cDNA encoding a new GABAA receptor subunit, termed gamma 2, which sharesapproximately 40% sequence identity with alpha- and beta-subunits and whose messenger RNA is prominently localized inneuronal subpopulations throughout the CNS.
2465923| The human subunits display very high levels of sequence identity with the corresponding bovine receptorsubunits.
1848528| Excluding deletions, the murine GABAA alpha 1 receptor exhibits 96% nucleotide and 100% amino acid sequence homology tothe rat alpha 1 receptor cDNA and over 91% nucleotide and 98% amino acid sequence homology to the bovine and human alpha 1receptor cDNAs in the protein coding region. 
11326274| The K289M mutation affects a highly conserved residue located in the extracellular loop between transmembranesegments M2 and M3.
2157817| However, alpha 5-subunit-containing receptors have lower affinities for zolpidem (30-fold) and Cl 218 872(three-fold) than measured previously using recombinantly expressed type II receptors containing either alpha 2- or alpha3-subunits.
1846404| LLRMFSFK, in the major intracellular loop between proposed transmembrane domains M3 and M4.
8719414| Its deduced amino acid sequence shows a high level of sequence identity with the published mouse and rat sequences(96%). 
8391122| Their deduced amino acid sequences show much sequence identity with the published bovine sequences (98.2% and 97.0%for alpha 2 and alpha 3, respectively). 
3037384| Amino-acid sequences derived from complementary DNAs encoding the alpha- and beta-subunits of the GABA/benzodiazepinereceptor from bovine brain show homology with other ligand-gated receptor subunits, suggesting that there is a super-familyof ion-channel-containing receptors.
8719414| The ligand binding pharmacology of the benzodiazepine site formed by stably-expressed human alpha 5 beta 3 gamma 2S andalpha 5 beta 3 gamma 3 GABAA receptor subtypes have been compared for a number of ligands, Benzodiazepine site ligands werefound to be either non-selective or gamma 2-selective, with the exception of CL218,872, which was found to be 10-fold selectivefor the alpha 5 beta 3 gamma 3-containing subtype Two benzodiazepine site ligands.
1702226| Two forms of bovine gamma 2 subunit cDNA were isolated (gamma 2S and gamma 2L) that differed by the presence or absenceof a 24-base-pair (8-amino acid) insertion in the cytoplasmic domain between the third and fourth putative membrane-spanningregions.
2153588| When coexpressed with the beta 1 subunit in Xenopus oocytes the receptors containing the alpha 5 subunit revealed ahigher sensitivity to GABA than receptors expressed from alpha 1 + beta 1 subunits or alpha 3 + beta 1 subunits (Ka = 1microM, 13 microM and 14 microM, respectively).
1846404| gamma-Aminobutyric acidA (GABAA) receptors are multisubunit ligand-gated ion channels which mediate neuronal inhibition byGABA and are composed of at least four subunit types (alpha, beta, gamma, and delta). 
2847710| The 351 amino acid sequence of this human alpha subunit shows 97% homology with its bovine counterpart. 
8632757| The deduced amino acid sequence of this cDNA shows 91.4% identity with the published rat alpha 6 subunit. 
9527017| The mouse gamma1-subunit complementary DNA (cDNA) shares 98% similarity with that of the rat at the level of amino acidsequence. 
10602120| These are: Glutamate receptor subunit 3 (GLUR3), GABA receptor subunit alpha 3 (GABRA3), GABA receptor subunit e1(GABRE1), Vacuolar ATPase subunit 1 (VATPS1, XAP3), the human homologue of plexin 3-SEX (XAP6) and the Synaptobrevin-likeprotein (SYBL1).
9339354| The structure of the 5' region of most cDNAs is compatible with expression of protein sequence epsilon only in adultbrain, whereas in other tissues, the majority of transcripts code for truncated protein sequences.
9339354| Based on features of conservation of protein sequences, gene structure, and genomic organization of GABAA receptor geneclusters, we propose that the epsilon and gamma subunit genes have a common ancestor and that GABAA receptor gene clusters inthe human genome have diverged by multiple duplication events of an ancestral gene cluster containing one each alpha, beta, andgamma/epsilon precursor gene.
1647983| The gamma 3 cDNA encodes a mature protein of 450 amino acids that contains structural features typically conservedamong subunits of the GABAA receptor family.
9205108| The GABRA5 promoter regions lacked TATA and CCAAT boxes but contained several other consensus transcriptional factorrecognition sequences.
8719416| Coexpression of alpha 6 with beta 2 and gamma 2L subunits creates a pharmacologically similar benzodiazepine receptor tothe diazepam-insensitive site observed in cerebellum, however, there is no evidence regarding the possible subunitcombination forming the DI site in cerebral tissues.
1356407| We now report base and amino acid sequences of the alpha 1, alpha 2, and alpha 3 subunits from GABAA receptors ofaudiogenic seizure-prone (DBA/2J) and -resistant (C57BL/6J) inbred strains of mice. 
1356407| None of these affected amino acid sequence, but one did create a NsiI restriction site potentially useful in mappinggenomic DNA. 
1356407| No base or amino acid sequence differences between the strains were detected for the other two subunits. 
2166916| We show that recombinant receptors composed of alpha 6, beta 2 and gamma 2 subunits bind with high affinity to the GABAagonist (3H)muscimol and the benzodiazepine (3H)Ro15-4513 but not the other benzodiazepines or beta-carboniles. 
1849552| Its deduced amino acid sequence is 96% identical to that of the alpha 2 polypeptide of the bovine GABAA receptor. 
1655526| Recombinant receptors composed of alpha 4, beta 2 and gamma 2 subunit bind with high affinity the GABA agonist(3H)muscimol and the benzodiazepine 'alcohol antagonist' (3H)Ro 15-4513, but fail to bind benzodiazepine agonists. 
8719416| Our study thus suggests that this subpopulation of diazepam-insensitive GABAA receptors may be composed of alpha 4 beta 2gamma 2L subunits. 
2465923| The deduced amino acid sequences of cDNA clones encoding human GABAA receptor alpha 1 and beta 1 subunits arepresented. 
1710013| We report the sequence of a complementary DNA (cDNA) that encodes the chicken GABAA receptor alpha 1 subunit, which isextremely homologous to mammalian alpha 1 subunits.
1846404| In cloning murine gamma 2-subunits, we isolated cDNAs encoding forms of the subunit that differ by the insertion ofeight amino acids.
2847710| The human clone (pCLL800) contains 1055 nucleotides in an open reading frame and 260 nucleotides in the 5' non-codingregion.
1647983| Localization of the gamma 3 mRNA indicates that it is widely distributed throughout the mouse brain in a pattern similarto that observed for mRNAs encoding the gamma 2 subunits.
1660002| Since the benzodiazepine receptor ligands were virtually inactive in the absence of the gamma 3-subunit, as tested with thealpha 3 beta 2- and alpha 5 beta 2-subunit combinations, the gamma 3-subunit is a prerequisite for the benzodiazepinereceptor sensitivity of the expressed GABAA-receptors.
8780005| The conservation of this expression pattern suggests that gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors possessing the alpha 6subunit are of fundamental importance for cerebellar function and that the corresponding gene regulatory elements, e.g.,granule cell-specific enhancers, have also been conserved.
1356407| Northern blots revealed no apparent strain differences in message levels for these three subunits in whole brains of themice at 3 weeks of age, the peak of seizure susceptibility in DBA/2J, but did reveal distinct regional and developmentalpatterns of expression among the subunits in mouse brain.
9527017| We report the results of molecular cloning of the gamma1-subunit from seizure prone DBA/2J and resistant C57BL/6J inbredmice, and analyses of nucleotide sequences and expression of the gamma1-subunit messenger RNA (mRNA) in DBA/2 and C57BL/6inbred mice.
9527017| No differences have been found for the subunit between DBA/2 and C57BL/6 mice either for nucleotide sequence or for levelof expression of the subunit's mRNA in whole brain by Northern blots at 3 weeks of age.
9205108| Human gamma-aminobutyric acid-type A receptor alpha5 subunit gene (GABRA5): characterization and structural organization ofthe 5' flanking region. (title)
9084408| This channel subunit has significant amino acid identity (25-40%) with members of GABAA and GABAC receptor subunits andthus may represent a new subfamily of the GABA receptor channel.
2538761| The primary structures of GABAA receptor alpha- and beta-subunits have been deduced from cloned complementary DNAs.
2157817| A cDNA encoding a protein with 70% amino acid identity to the previously characterized gamma-aminobutyric acidA (GABAA)receptor alpha-subunits was isolated from a rat brain cDNA library by homology screening.
2157817| As observed for alpha 1-, alpha 2-, and alpha 3-subunits, coexpression of this new alpha-subunit (alpha 5) with a beta-and gamma 2-subunit in cultured cells produces receptors displaying high-affinity binding sites for both muscimol, a GABAagonist, and benzodiazepines.
2165521| We report here on the cloning of the gamma 2-subunit cDNA of rat brain and its functional analysis by coexpression with thealpha 1- and beta 1-subunits in Xenopus oocytes, and on the sites of gene expression of the 3 subunits in the rat brain.
1702226| Analysis of the sequence of the 8-amino acid insert revealed that it contains a protein kinase C consensusphosphorylation site.
1702226| Thus the two forms of gamma 2 subunit differ by the presence or absence of a protein kinase C phosphorylation site.
9892355| Each subunit also has a large intracellular loop that may be a target for protein kinases and be required for subcellulartargeting and membrane clustering of the receptor, perhaps by anchoring the receptor to the cytoskeleton.
8719416| Cloning and characterization of the human GABAA receptor alpha 4 subunit: identification of a unique diazepam-insensitivebinding site. (title)
8391122| Cloning of cDNA sequences encoding human alpha 2 and alpha 3 gamma-aminobutyric acidA receptor subunits andcharacterization of the benzodiazepine pharmacology of recombinant alpha 1-, alpha 2-, alpha 3-, and alpha 5-containing humangamma-aminobutyric acidA receptors. (title)
8391122| Human alpha 1 beta 1 gamma 2, alpha 2 beta 1 gamma 2, alpha 3 beta 1 gamma 2, and alpha 5 beta 1 gamma 2 subunitcombinations were expressed in transiently transfected cells and their pharmacologies were characterized using a series ofbenzodiazepine (BZ) binding site ligands.
8391122| The partial inverse agonist Ro15-4513 showed an approximately 10-15-fold higher affinity for alpha 5-containing than foralpha 1-, alpha 2-, or alpha 3-containing receptors and is thus the first compound shown to have a significantly higheraffinity for another receptor subtype than for alpha 1 beta 1 gamma 2.
1848528| It shows significant homology to the GABAA receptor alpha 1 subunit cDNA sequences of other species.
2153588| Since the mRNA of the alpha 5 subunit was colocalized with the alpha 1 and alpha 3 subunits only in cerebral cortex andin the hippocampal formation the alpha 5 subunit may be part of distinct GABAA receptors in neuronal populations within theolfactory bulb.
2170110| The GABAA receptor gamma 1 subunit of human, rat and bovine origin was molecularly cloned and compared with the gamma 2subunit in structure and function.
2170110| Both gamma subunit variants share 74% sequence similarity and are prominently synthesized in often distinct areas ofthe central nervous system as documented by in situ hybridization.
1849552| Most of the differences lie in the presumed extracellular and intracellular domains. 
11992121| Compared with wildtype receptors, GABA(A) receptors that contain the mutant subunit show a lesser amplitude ofGABA-activated currents in vitro, indicating that seizures may result from loss of function of this inhibitory ligand-gatedchannel.
1710013| The chicken GABAA receptor alpha 1 subunit: cDNA sequence and localization of the corresponding mRNA. (title)
1710013| The distribution of alpha 1 subunit transcripts is shown to correlate mainly, but not completely, with thepreviously-reported pattern of benzodiazepine type I (BZI) binding sites in the avian brain.
1846404| Generation of two forms of the gamma-aminobutyric acidA receptor gamma 2-subunit in mice by alternative splicing. (title)
1846404| The two forms of the gamma 2-subunit are generated by alternative splicing, as demonstrated by cloning and partialsequencing of the corresponding gene.
3037384| Co-expression of the in vitro-generated alpha-subunit and beta-subunit RNAs in Xenopus oocytes produces a functionalreceptor and ion channel with the pharmacological properties characteristic of the GABAA receptor.
9339354| The GABRE gene extends over 14 kb and is clustered together with the alpha 3 and the putative beta 4 GABAA receptor subunitgenes in an approximately 0.8-Mb interval in chromosome band Xq28, located in the candidate regions of two different neurologicdiseases.
2561977| Two cDNAs (alpha 1 and alpha 4) from rat brain cDNA libraries encode isoforms of the alpha subunit of theGABA/benzodiazepine receptor, which differ at 30% of their amino acid residues.
1660002| The gamma 3-subunit could functionally replace the gamma 2-subunit with regard to the bi-directional allosteric drugmodulation.
2842688| These alpha-subunits are differentially expressed within the CNS and produce, when expressed with the beta-subunit inXenopus oocytes, receptor subtypes which can be distinguished by their apparent sensitivity to GABA.
8632757| Cloning of cDNAs encoding the human gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor alpha 6 subunit and characterization of thepharmacology of alpha 6-containing receptors. (title)
8632757| Recombinant human alpha 6 beta gamma 2S GABAA receptors have been expressed in both stably transfected cells and Xenopusoocytes, and the pharmacology of the benzodiazepine binding site has been determined.
2166916| The heterogeneity of benzodiazepine recognition sites in the central nervous system was revealed by studies showing differentclasses of GABAA receptor subunits (classes alpha, beta and gamma) and variant subunits in these classes, particularly in thealpha-class.
2166916| Expression of recombinant subunits produces functional receptors; when certain alpha-variants are coexpressed with beta-and gamma-subunits the resulting receptors have pharmacological properties characteristic of GABAA-benzodiazepine type I ortype II receptors.
8719414| Expression and pharmacology of human GABAA receptors containing gamma 3 subunits. (title)
8719414| Both the EC50 and efficacy of benzodiazepine site ligands were influenced by the type of gamma subunit coexpressed withalpha 1 and beta 2.
9039914| Here we describe a new class of human GABA(A) receptor subunit (epsilon) that can assemble with alpha- and beta-subunitsand confer an insensitivity to the potentiating effects of intravenous anaesthetic agents.
9039914| The expression pattern of this subunit in the brain suggests a new target for manipulation of neuronal pathways withinthe basal ganglia.
9084408| Conserved domains among members of previously described GABAA receptor subunits were used to design degenerate sense andantisense oligonucleotides.
8388764| FISH ordering of reference markers and of the gene for the alpha 5 subunit of the gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor (GABRA5)within the Angelman and Prader-Willi syndrome chromosomal regions. (title)
8388764| Our results provide a framework map of chromosome 15q11-q13 into which additional markers can be oriented and allow afurther differentiation of the critical genetic regions of the two syndromes.
1655526| Cloning, pharmacological characteristics and expression pattern of the rat GABAA receptor alpha 4 subunit. (title)
1311098| In coexpression experiments with the alpha 1 and beta 2 subunits, gamma 3 imparts benzodiazepine binding togamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors and forms gamma-aminobutyric acid-gated benzodiazepine-modulated chloride channelsthat exhibit a larger conductance than alpha 1 beta 2 receptor channels.
2538761| Importantly, coexpression of the gamma 2 subunit with alpha 1 and beta 1 subunits produces GABAA receptors displayinghigh-affinity binding for central benzodiazepine receptor ligands.
2167378| Since the isolation of cDNAs encoding GABAA receptor alpha 1 and beta 1 subunits, a further eight subunits have beenidentified.
11003197| We recently identified a coding sequence polymorphism between the B6 and D2 strains for the GABA A receptor gamma2subunit gene (Gabrg2).
2157817| Characteristic of GABAA/benzodiazepine type II sites, receptors containing alpha 2-, alpha 3- or alpha 5-subunits havelow affinities for several type I-selective compounds.
2165521| Mapping subunit gene expression by in situ hybridization histochemistry suggests that the alpha 1-, beta 1-, and gamma2-subunits are likely receptor constituents in some neuronal populations, e.g., mitral cells of the olfactory bulb, pyramidalcells of the hippocampus, and granule cells of the dentate gyrus and cerebellum.
1702226| Another mechanism for creating diversity in gamma-aminobutyrate type A receptors: RNA splicing directs expression of twoforms of gamma 2 phosphorylation site. (title)
1702226| Polymerase chain reaction from RNA demonstrated that the two forms of gamma 2 subunit are expressed in bovine, human, andrat brain.
1702226| Expression of the large cytoplasmic loop domains of gamma 2S and gamma 2L in Escherichia coli, followed byphosphorylation of the recombinant proteins by protein kinase C, demonstrated that gamma 2L, but not gamma 2S, could bephosphorylated.
9892355| Moreover, the N terminus of GABARAP is highly positively charged and features a putative tubulin-binding motif.
2561970| The gamma 2 subunit is the rat homolog of the human gamma 2 subunit recently shown to be important for benzodiazepinepharmacology.
2561970| Cellular localization of the mRNAs encoding the gamma 2 and delta subunits in rat brain revealed that largely distinctneuronal subpopulations express the two subunits.
2561970| The delta subunit distribution resembles that of the high affinity GABAA receptor labeled with (3H)muscimol; the gamma 2subunit distribution resembles that of GABAA/benzodiazepine receptors labeled with (3H)flunitrazepam.
12477932| The National Institutes of Health Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) Program is a multiinstitutional effort to identify andsequence a cDNA clone containing a complete ORF for each human and mouse gene.
8719416| Benzodiazepines modulate gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-evoked chloride currents through a specific binding site at theGABAA receptor-chloride channel complex.
8719416| In addition, two distinguishable diazepam-insensitive benzodiazepine sites are found, spatially distributed betweencerebral cortical and cerebellar regions.
8719416| Here we report the cloning of the human alpha 4 cDNA and its pharmacology by coexpression of this alpha 4 subunit with beta2 and gamma 2L subunits.
8391122| Human alpha 1-containing receptors exhibited a BZ1-type pharmacology, and alpha 2-, alpha 3-, and alpha 5-containingreceptors exhibited a broadly BZ2-type pharmacology.
1848528| This assignment extends proximally the segment of mouse Chromosome 11 with known homology to human chromosome 5.
2153588| One polypeptide represents the rat homologue of the alpha 3 subunit previously cloned from bovine brain, while the otherpolypeptide is a yet known subunit, termed alpha 5.
2153588| The alpha 5 subunit was expressed only in a few brain areas such as cerebral cortex, hippocampal formation and olfactorybulb granular layer as shown by in situ hybridization histochemistry.
8397108| The mature polypeptide (which we name gamma 4) displays 67%, 69% and 70% identity, respectively, to the rat gamma 1, gamma2 and gamma 3 subunits.
8397108| In situ hybridization reveals that the gamma 4-subunit mRNA is abundant in several brain regions, including theectostriatum, nucleus rotundus and hyperstriatum ventrale, which are involved in visual processing and learning.
2170110| However, these sites show disparate pharmacological properties which, for receptors assembled from alpha 1, beta 1 and gamma1 subunits, are characterized by the conspicuous loss in affinity for neutral antagonists (e.g. flumazenil) and negativemodulators (e.g.
11992121| Mutation of GABRA1 in an autosomal dominant form of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. (title)
11992121| We report that an Ala322Asp mutation in GABRA1, encoding the alpha1 subunit of the gamma-aminobutyric acid receptorsubtype A (GABA(A)), is found in affected individuals of a large French Canadian family with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy.
1710013| These results suggest that the alpha 1 subunit may not necessarily be restricted to receptors having BZI pharmacology.
10602120| Exclusion mapping studies using a new family with maternal inheritance of RTT defined Xq28 as the candidate region forthe RTT gene.
10602120| Six candidate genes were selected for mutation analysis based on their established expression patterns and knownfunctions in the CNS.
1846404| The gamma 2-subunit appears to be essential for benzodiazepine modulation of GABAA receptor function.
1846404| The eight-amino-acid insertion encodes a potential consensus serine phosphorylation site for protein kinase C.
2556293| Sequence and expression of a novel GABAA receptor alpha subunit. (title)
2556293| Cloned cDNA encoding the bovine alpha 4 subunit of the GABAA receptor has been isolated.
9339354| A gene in human chromosome band Xq28 (GABRE) defines a putative new subunit class of the GABAA neurotransmitter receptor.(title)
9339354| A cDNA sequence of the gene coding for a 506 amino acid protein was identified, representing a member of a putative newclass (epsilon) of the GABAA receptor.
2561977| A novel alpha subunit in rat brain GABAA receptors. (title)
2561977| We injected RNA transcribed from alpha 1 and alpha 4 cDNAs into Xenopus oocytes, together with an RNA for a rat betasubunit.
2847710| Isolation of a cDNA clone for the alpha subunit of the human GABA-A receptor. (title)
2847710| A cDNA clone of an alpha subunit of the human GABA-A receptor has been isolated.
2175889| Sequence of the chicken GABAA receptor gamma 2-subunit cDNA. (title)
1647983| A novel gamma subunit of the GABAA receptor identified using the polymerase chain reaction. (title)
1647983| We have utilized a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) strategy to identify a novel subunit, gamma 3, of the GABAA receptor.
1660002| The gamma 3-subunit of the GABAA-receptor confers sensitivity to benzodiazepine receptor ligands. (title)
1660002| The gamma 3-subunit of the GABAA-receptor in rat brain has been identified by molecular cloning.
1660002| When co-expressed with the alpha 5- and beta 2-subunits in transfected cells a high potency for GABA (Ka = 4.9 +/- 1.2microM) and a strong cooperativity in gating the channel (H = 1.9 +/- 0.2) was observed.
1660002| An analogous bi-directional modulation of the GABA response was observed with diazepam and DMCM as tested with the subunitcombinations alpha 1 beta 2 gamma 3 and alpha 3 beta 2 gamma 3 expressed in Xenopus oocytes.
8780005| Conservation of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor alpha 6 subunit gene expression in cerebellar granule cells. (title)
8780005| The gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor cDNAs encoding the alpha 6 subunit homologues from chicken and goldfish havebeen cloned and sequenced.
8780005| These proteins exhibit 83 and 75% identity, respectively, to the rat alpha 6 polypeptide.
8780005| In situ hybridization has demonstrated that, as in mammals, the avian and teleost fish alpha 6 subunit genes arepredominantly expressed in cerebellar granule cells.
8780005| Correspondingly, flunitrazepam-non-displaceable binding of (3H)Ro 15-4513 (a benzodiazepine partial inverse agonist), whichis a major characteristic of gamma-aminobutyric acid type-A receptors that contain the alpha 6 polypeptide, is also mainlyfound for cerebellar granule cells of fish and chick.
2842688| We have previously isolated complementary DNAs encoding an alpha- and a beta-subunit and shown that both are needed forexpression of a functional GABAA receptor.
2842688| We have now isolated cDNAs encoding two additional GABAA receptor alpha-subunits, confirming the heterogeneous nature ofthe receptor/chloride channel complex and demonstrating a molecular basis for it.
1356407| The alpha 1, alpha 2, and alpha 3 subunits of GABAA receptors: comparison in seizure-prone and -resistant mice and duringdevelopment. (title)
1356407| Inbreeding had fixed different alleles of the alpha 1 subunit in the two strains, giving five base differences in thecDNAs.
8632757| A cDNA encoding the human gamma-aminobutyric acidA (GABAA) receptor alpha 6 subunit has been cloned and sequenced.
8632757| In situ hybridization histochemistry reveals the alpha 6 mRNA to be located within the granule cell layer of the humancerebellar cortex.
8632757| A number of compounds that bind to the benzodiazepine site potentiated the GABA response of alpha 6 beta 2 gamma 2receptors.
8632757| Most importantly, the classic benzodiazepine antagonist ethyl-8-fluoro-5,6-dihydro-5-methyl-6-oxo-4H-imidazo(1,5-a)(1,4)benzodiazepine-3-carboxylate (Ro 15-1788) and the partial inverse agonistethyl-8-azido-5,6-dihydro-5-methyl-6-oxo-4H-imidazo(1,5-a) (1,4)benzodiazepine-3-carboxylate (Ro 15-4513) both acted as agonistsat the alpha 6 containing receptor.
2166916| Here we report a novel alpha-subunit (alpha 6) of cerebellar granule cells.
2166916| The same distinctive pharmacology is observed with GABAA receptors from rat cerebellum immunoprecipitated by an antiserumspecific for the alpha 6 subunit.
2166916| We conclude that this alpha-subunit is part of a cerebellar receptor subtype, selective for Ro15-4513, an antagonist ofalcohol-induced motor incoordination and ataxia.
7607683| Mapping of the alpha 4 subunit gene (GABRA4) to human chromosome 4 defines an alpha 2-alpha 4-beta 1-gamma 1 gene cluster:further evidence that modern GABAA receptor gene clusters are derived from an ancestral cluster. (title)
7607683| The existence of an alpha 2-alpha 4-beta 1-gamma 1 cluster on chromosome 4 and an alpha 1-alpha 6-beta 2-gamma 2 cluster onchromosome 5 provides further evidence that the number of ancestral GABAA receptor subunit genes has been expanded byduplication within an ancestral gene cluster.
7607683| Moreover, if duplication of the alpha gene occurred before duplication of the ancestral gene cluster, then a heretoforeundiscovered subtype of alpha subunit should be located on human chromosome 15q11-q13 within an alpha 5-alpha x-beta 3-gamma 3gene cluster at the locus for Angelman and Prader-Willi syndromes.
8719414| A cDNA encoding the gamma 3 subunit of the human GABAA receptor has been obtained by molecular cloning.
8719414| Ro15-4513 and FG8205 were more efficacious at alpha 5 beta 3 gamma 3 receptors than alpha 5 beta 3 gamma 2 receptorsexpressed in Xenopus oocytes, CL218,872, which is a partial agonist at alpha 1 containing receptors, had no intrinsic activityat either alpha 5 beta 3 gamma 2 or alpha 5 beta 3 gamma 3, alpha 1 beta 2 gamma 2S and alpha 1 beta 2 gamma 3 human GABAAreceptors were also expressed in Xenopus oocytes and their benzodiazepine pharmacology investigated.
9039914| Insensitivity to anaesthetic agents conferred by a class of GABA(A) receptor subunit. (title)
9039914| Although there is widespread evidence that the sensitivity of GABA(A) receptors to anaesthetic agents is heterogeneous, thestructural basis of these differences is largely unknown.
9039914| Variations in subunit composition can have profound effects on the sensitivity of GABA(A) receptors to modulatory agentssuch as benzodiazepines.
9039914| However, strict subunit specificity has not been demonstrated for the potentiating effects of anaesthetic agents.
9039914| The epsilon-subunit also abolishes the normal outward rectification of recombinant receptors in which it assembles.
1849552| The polypeptide has features shared by all previously reported GABAA receptor alpha polypeptides and shares 71-76% identitywith previously described rat alpha polypeptides.
1849552| On Northern blots, the alpha 2 cDNA detects two mRNAs, which are found in cortex, hippocampus, and striatum, brain regionsenriched in pharmacologically defined "BZ type II" receptors.
1849552| The distribution of alpha 2 mRNAs in rat brain suggests that the alpha 2 subunit may indeed be involved in the BZ type IIreceptors.
9527017| The GABA(A) receptor gamma1-subunit in seizure prone (DBA/2) and resistant (C57BL/6) mice. (title)
9527017| Northern blot hybridization indicates that the gamma1-subunit mRNA is expressed predominantly in areas other than thecerebral cortex and cerebellum and shows little change with postnatal development.
9205108| The gamma-aminobutyric acid-type A receptor alpha5 subunit gene (GABRA5) is widely expressed in brain and localized to theimprinted human chromosome 15q11-q13.
9205108| A combination of cDNA library screening and 5' RACE analysis led to identification of three distinct mRNA isoforms of GABRA5in human adult and fetal brain tissues, each of which differs only in the noncoding 5' UTR sequence.
9205108| Alignment of the genomic and cDNA sequences of GABRA5 revealed that the mRNA isoforms resulted from three alternative firstexons 1A, 1B, and 1C.
9205108| Northern blot analysis showed that the expression of GABRA5 was not only tissue specific but region specific in brain.
9084408| In situ hybridization reveals that the GABA chi subunit mRNA is present in the electrical conduction system of the humanheart.
8388764| We have established a probe order within the Angelman/Prader-Willi chromosomal regions by multicolor fluorescence in situhybridization (FISH).
8388764| In addition, a second gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABAA) receptor, the alpha 5 subunit, has been localized within thereference map to between GABRB3 and D15S12.
1655526| A cDNA of rat brain encoding the GABAA receptor alpha 4 subunit has been cloned.
1655526| The alpha 4 subunit is expressed mainly in the thalamus, as assessed by in situ hybridization histochemistry, and mayparticipate in a major population of thalamic GABAA receptors.
1311098| The third gamma subunit of the gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor family. (title)
1311098| Cloned cDNAs encoding a member of the gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor gamma-subunit class were isolated fromrat-brain-mRNA-derived libraries.
1311098| The gamma 3 mRNA is present in cortex, claustrum, caudate putamen, and some thalamic nuclei, particularly the medialgeniculate nucleus, where it is the predominant gamma-subunit transcript.
1321750| Cloning and expression of a cDNA encoding the human GABA-A receptor alpha 5 subunit. (title)
2538761| Importance of a novel GABAA receptor subunit for benzodiazepine pharmacology. (title)
2538761| Co-expression of these subunits in heterologous systems generates receptors which display much of the pharmacology of theirneural counterparts, including potentiation by barbiturates.
2167378| Novel GABAA receptor alpha subunit is expressed only in cerebellar granule cells. (title)
2167378| These subunits show GABAA receptor heterogeneity, unpredicted from classical pharmacological studies.
2167378| I now report the isolation of a mouse cDNA clone encoding a novel GABAA receptor alpha subunit.
2167378| The striking feature of this subunit is its regional distribution in the mouse brain.
2167378| Northern hybridization and in situ hybridization experiments demonstrate that the subunit mRNA is expressed only incerebellar granule cells.
11003197| Allelic variation in the GABA A receptor gamma2 subunit is associated with genetic susceptibility to ethanol-induced motorincoordination and hypothermia, conditioned taste aversion, and withdrawal in BXD/Ty recombinant inbred mice. (title)
11003197| BACKGROUND: Behavioral genomics has made dramatic progress toward mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that containgenes responsible for phenotypic differences in a variety of behavioral responses to alcohol (ethanol).
11003197| Candidate genes within this QTL encode the gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA A) receptor gamma2, alpha1, alpha6, andbeta2 subunits.
11326274| First genetic evidence of GABA(A) receptor dysfunction in epilepsy: a mutation in the gamma2-subunit gene. (title)
11326274| We now report a K289M mutation in the GABA(A) receptor gamma2-subunit gene (GABRG2) that segregates in a family with aphenotype closely related to GEFS+ (ref.
11326274| 8), an autosomal dominant disorder associating febrile seizures and generalized epilepsy previously linked to mutationsin sodium channel genes.
2157817| Gamma-aminobutyric acidA receptor alpha 5-subunit creates novel type II benzodiazepine receptor pharmacology. (title)
2165521| The structural requirements of fully functional GABAA receptors in the mammalian brain have remained elusive so far.
1702226| Diversity of gamma-aminobutyrate type A (GABAA) receptors has recently been proposed to be achieved by assembly of receptorsubtypes from a multitude of subunits (alpha 1-6, beta 1-3, gamma 1-2, and delta) encoded by different genes.
1702226| Sequencing of genomic DNA clones encoding the gamma 2 subunit demonstrated that the 24-base-pair insert is organized as aseparate exon.
9892355| Neurotransmitter receptors need to be positioned in high density in the cell membrane at sites postsynaptic to nerveterminals releasing that neurotransmitter.
9892355| Other members of the superfamily of ligand-gated ion-channel receptors associate in postsynaptic-membrane clusters bybinding to the proteins rapsyn or gephyrin.
9892355| Here we identify a new cellular protein, GABA(A)-receptor-associated protein (GABARAP), which can interact with the gamma2subunit of GABA(A) receptors.
9892355| Sequence analysis shows similarity between GABARAP and light chain-3 of microtubule-associated proteins 1A and 1B.
2561970| Two novel GABAA receptor subunits exist in distinct neuronal subpopulations. (title)
2561970| Two cDNAs encoding novel GABAA receptor subunits were isolated from a rat brain library.
12477932| Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. (title)
12477932| All MGC sequences and clones are available without restriction through public databases and clone distribution networks(see http:mgc.nci.nih.gov).
11326275| Mutant GABA(A) receptor gamma2-subunit in childhood absence epilepsy and febrile seizures. (title)
11326275| Epilepsies affect at least 2% of the population at some time in life, and many forms have genetic determinants.
11326275| We have found a mutation in a gene encoding a GABA(A) receptor subunit in a large family with epilepsy.
11326275| We found that the mutation in GABRG2 (encoding the gamma2-subunit) abolished in vitro sensitivity to diazepam, raisingthe possibility that endozepines do in fact exist and have a physiological role in preventing seizures.
8719416| The heterogeneity of diazepam-sensitive benzodiazepine binding sites (type I and type II) has been identified bypharmacological approaches both with native receptors and recombinant receptors coexpressing alpha, beta and gamma subunits.
8719416| The pharmacology of the alpha 4 beta 2 gamma 2L receptor complex appears to resemble those of the diazepam-insensitive sitefound in the cerebral cortex.
8391122| cDNAs encoding human alpha 2 and alpha 3 gamma-aminobutyric acidA receptor subunits have been cloned.
1848528| The cDNA sequence and chromosomal location of the murine GABAA alpha 1 receptor gene. (title)
1848528| The murine GABAA/benzodiazepine (GABAA/BZ) receptor alpha 1 subunit cDNA has been isolated from a BALB/c mouse brainlibrary and sequenced.
1848528| The cDNA is 2665 nucleotides long with an open reading frame of 455 amino acids.
1848528| This murine cDNA was used to locate the alpha 1 receptor subunit gene, Gabra-1, to murine Chromosome 11 between Il-3 andRel.
2153588| Functional expression and sites of gene transcription of a novel alpha subunit of the GABAA receptor in rat brain. (title)
2153588| Two alpha subunits of the GABAA receptor in rat brain have been identified by molecular cloning.
2153588| The deduced polypeptide sequences share major characteristics with other chemically gated ion channel proteins.
8397108| Molecular cloning reveals the existence of a fourth gamma subunit of the vertebrate brain GABAA receptor. (title)
8397108| We have isolated a cDNA, from the chicken, that encodes a fourth type of gamma subunit of the vertebrate brain GABAAreceptor.
8397108| In the developing chicken brain, the gamma 4-subunit mRNA is first detected at embryonic day 13; the transcript level thenincreases progressively during embryogenesis.
2170110| Structural and functional characterization of the gamma 1 subunit of GABAA/benzodiazepine receptors. (title)
2170110| When co-expressed with alpha and beta subunits in Xenopus oocytes and mammalian cells, the gamma variants mediate thepotentiation of GABA evoked currents by benzodiazepines and help generate high-affinity binding sites for these drugs.
2170110| These findings reveal a pronounced effect of gamma subunit variants on GABAA/benzodiazepine receptor pharmacology.
2465923| Sequence and expression of human GABAA receptor alpha 1 and beta 1 subunits. (title)
2465923| The cloned human GABAA receptor subunits induce the formation of GABA-gated chloride channels when expressed in mammaliancells.
12466851| Here we report the manual annotation of 60,770 full-length mouse complementary DNA sequences.
12466851| Of these transcriptional units, 4,258 are new protein-coding and 11,665 are new non-coding messages, indicating thatnon-coding RNA is a major component of the transcriptome.

HH1R_BOVIN.stru:

8003029| At the 5' flanking region of the human H1 receptor gene, we located potential TATA box and CACCC sequences, AP1binding site-like sequences, glucocorticoid responsive element-like sequences, and other binding sequences forinducers. 
7678492| At the 5'-flanking region of the receptor gene, we have located potential TATA box sequences and consensussequences for the glucocorticoid response element and AP-2 element. 
8282735| Although the third intracellular domain, the predicted binding site for the GTP binding protein, showed only 50%identity with those of the bovine and rat H1 receptors, the expressed guinea-pig H1 receptor was fully able to bind with(3H)mepyramine. 
8812432| Interspecific backcross analysis indicated that the mouse histamine H1 receptor gene (Hrh1) is located in the centralregion of mouse Chromosome 6 linked to microphthalmia (Mitfmi), ras-related fibrosarcoma oncogene 1 (Raf1), and retproto-oncogene (Ret) in a region of homology with human chromosome 3p.
1722337| The H1 receptor cDNA encodes a protein of 491 amino acids (Mr 55,954) with seven putative transmembrane domains,illustrating the similarity to other receptors that couple with guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory proteins (Gprotein-coupled receptors). 
8812432| The protein deduced from the nucleotide sequence is composed of 488 amino acid residues with characteristicproperties of GTP binding protein-coupled receptors. 
8003029| The receptor protein deduced from the nucleotide sequence of this gene was composed of 487 amino acid residues with acalculated Mr of 55,781 and possessed characteristic properties of GTP binding protein-coupled receptors. 
8294913| It encodes a protein of 488 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 55,619 daltons compared with a size of56-68 kDa for the photoaffinity-labeled receptor as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresisanalysis.
8282735| The structure of the guinea-pig histamine H1 receptor is predicted to contain seven putative transmembrane regions,which are similar to those of receptors coupling with GTP binding proteins.
7678492| The receptor protein deduced from this isolated gene was composed of 486 amino acids and showed characteristic propertiesof G protein-coupled receptors. 
1722337| The sequence homology between the H1 and H2 receptors is not higher than that between the histamine H1 and m1-muscarinicreceptors.
8282735| The gene contains no introns and encodes a protein of 488 amino acid residues.
8282735| In situ hybridization showed that the hippocampus, cerebral cortex, thalamus, and granular layer of the cerebellum eachcontained a large amount of histamine H1 receptors.
8294913| The protein displays a 66% homology with the bovine receptor.
8294913| Stable expression of the H1 receptor, characterized by the appearance of (3H)mepyramine binding sites with a pharmacologysimilar to that of the native H1 receptor, was obtained following transfection of Chinese hamster ovary cells.
12142541| We report that congenic mapping links Bphs to the histamine H1 receptor gene (Hrh1/H1R) and that H1R differs at three aminoacid residues in VAASH-susceptible and -resistant mice.
8280179| The coding region was subcloned into the expression vector pSVL (Pharmacia), and the resulting construct transfected intoCOS-7 cells.
8812432| Our results suggest that the mouse histamine H1 receptor gene is a single locus, and no related sequences were detected.
12466851| Here we report the manual annotation of 60,770 full-length mouse complementary DNA sequences.
12466851| Of these transcriptional units, 4,258 are new protein-coding and 11,665 are new non-coding messages, indicating thatnon-coding RNA is a major component of the transcriptome.

HUGA_VESVU.stru:

8828537| These studies are now extended to yellow jacket hyaluronidase and phospholipase; they contain 331 and 300 amino acidresidues, respectively, and they show 92% and 67% sequence identity with their homologs of white-faced hornet.
7876212| Dol m 2 has 56% sequence identity with the honey bee venom allergen hyaluronidase and 27% identity with PH-20, ahuman sperm protein with hyaluronidase activity.
7682712| The deduced amino acid sequence showed that bee venom hyaluronidase is a polypeptide composed of 349 amino acidscontaining four cysteines and three potential sites for N-glycosylation. 
7876212| A common feature of hornet venom allergens is their sequence identity with other proteins in our environment.
7876212| We showed previously the sequence identity of Dol m 5 with a plant protein and a mammalian testis protein and ofDol m 1 with mammalian lipases.
8828537| Yellow jacket antigen 5 has been previously cloned and expressed in bacteria; it contains 204 amino acid residues, and ithas 69% and 60% sequence identities with the homologous proteins of white-faced hornet (Dolichovespula maculata) and wasp(Polistes annularis), respectively.
7876212| The fragments were apparently generated by proteolysis of a Met-Met bond at residue 122, as they were not observed for aDol m 2 mutant with a Leu-Met bond.
10998264| Starting with an established procedure for mass spectrometric peptide mapping, the analysis of N-glycans by matrix-assistedlaser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry involved the use of peptide:N-glycosidase A, a triphasic microcolumn for samplecleanup, and a new matrix mixture consisting of 2,5-dihyhydroxybenzoic acid, 1-hydroxyisoquinoline, and arabinosazone. 
8828537| Yellow jacket venom allergens, hyaluronidase and phospholipase: sequence similarity and antigenic cross-reactivity withtheir hornet and wasp homologs and possible implications for clinical allergy. (title)
7682712| By using degenerate oligonucleotides derived from the amino-terminal sequence of this hyaluronidase reported by others,clones encoding the precursor for this enzyme could be isolated from a cDNA library prepared from venom glands of worker bees.
7682712| The sequence of the precursor also indicated that the conversion of the pro-enzyme to the end product must involve cleavageof a Thr-Pro bond, a most unusual processing reaction.
7682712| Interestingly, the hyaluronidase from bee venom glands exhibited significant homology to PH-20, a membrane protein ofguinea pig sperm involved in sperm-egg adhesion.
7682712| Bee venom hyaluronidase is homologous to a membrane protein of mammalian sperm. (title)
7682712| The venom of honeybees, Apis mellifera, contains several biologically active peptides and two enzymes, one of which is ahyaluronidase.
7682712| Expression of the cloned cDNA in Escherichia coli yielded a 41-kDa polypeptide that had hyaluronidase activity.
7682712| These structural data support the long-held view that hyaluronidases play a role in fertilization.
7876212| Sequence identity and antigenic cross-reactivity of white face hornet venom allergen, also a hyaluronidase, with otherproteins. (title)
7876212| We have cloned Dol m 2, a protein of 331 residues.
10998264| The procedure, though applicable to N-glycosylated glycoproteins of any origin, is particularly devised for glycoproteinspotentially containing fucose in alpha1,3-linkage to the reducing GlcNAc as may be found in plants and invertebrates, e.g.,insects and parasitic helminths.
10998264| The method was tested on proteins with N-glycans of known structure, i.e., as horseradish peroxidase, zucchini ascorbateoxidase, soybean agglutinin, honeybee venom hyaluronidase, bovine ribonuclease B, and bovine fetuin.
10998264| The method was applied to glycoprotein allergens whose glycan structures were unknown.
10998264| Ara h 1 and Ole e 1, major allergens from peanut and olive pollen, respectively, contained mainly xylosylated N-glycanswith the composition Man(3(-4))XylGlcNAc(2) in the case of Ara h 1 and GlcNAc(1-2)Man(3)XylGlcNAc(2) in the case of Ole e 1 wherealso some GlcNAc(0-2)Man(3)XylFucGlcNAc(2) was found.

KBF2_HUMAN.stru:

7969179| Here we report the characterization of two novel NF-kappa B1 precursor isoforms, p84NF-kappa B1 and p98NF-kappa B1, thatarise by alternate splicing within the C-terminal coding region of murine nfkb1. p98NF-kappa B1, which lacks the 111C-terminal amino acids (aa) of p105NF-kappa B1, has a novel 35-aa C terminus encoded by an alternate reading frame of thegene. p84NF-kappa B1 lacks the C-terminal 190 aa of p105NF-kappa B1, including part of ankyrin repeat 7.
7830764| The structure of a large fragment of the p50 subunit of the human transcription factor NF-kappa B, bound as a homodimerto DNA, reveals that the Rel-homology region has two beta-barrel domains that grip DNA in the major groove.
7510259| The deduced amino acid sequence of the precursor protein, p97, shows conservation of the overall structure, and 86%identity in the Rel homology domain (RHD) and 56% identity in the ankyrin repeat domain (ARD) to human p50B/p97. 
7830764| The amino-terminal specificity domain contains a recognition loop that interacts with DNA bases; thecarboxy-terminal dimerization domain bears the site of I-kappa B interaction. 
1533881| Sequence analysis shows that chicken p105 is approximately 70% identical to the mouse and human p105 proteins, containingthe Rel homology domain in its N-terminal 370 amino acids and several ankyrinlike repeats in the C-terminal portionof the protein.
1531086| Like the 105-kDa precursor, it contains an amino-terminal Rel-related domain of about 300 amino acids and acarboxy-terminal domain containing six full cell cycle or ankyrin repeats.
1992489| The encoded open reading frame of about 105 kDa contained at its N-terminal half all six tryptic peptidesequences, suggesting that the 51-kDa NF-kappa B protein is processed from a 105-kDa precursor.
7530332| The carboxy-terminal domains form a dimerization interface between beta-sheets using residues that are stronglyconserved in the Rel family.
1339305| The deduced 607 amino acid sequence is identical to the sequence of the C-terminal region of 110 kd NF-kappa Bprotein. 
9384558| These structures showed that the residues from the dimerization domains of both p50 and p65 participate in DNAbinding and that the DNA-protein and protein dimerization surfaces form one continuous overlapping interface. 
7530332| The p50 dimer envelopes an undistorted B-DNA helix, making specific contacts along the 10-base-pair kappa B recognitionsite mainly through loops connecting secondary structure elements in both domains. 
1533881| The Rel homology domain is particularly highly conserved between chicken and mammalian p50, and an invitro-synthesized, truncated chicken p105 protein, containing sequences that correspond to the predicted p50 protein, boundto a consensus kappa B site in an electrophoretic mobility shift assay.
9384558| They share a structural motif known as the rel homology region (RHR), the C-terminal one third of which mediatesprotein dimerization.
9384586| Compared with NF-kappaB p50, the compact alpha-helical insert region element is rotated away from the core of theN-terminal domain, opening up a mainly polar cleft.
7530332| The 2.3-A crystal structure of the transcription factor NK-kappa B p50 homodimer bound to a palindromic kappa B sitereveals that the Rel homology region folds into two distinct domains, similar to those in the immunoglobulin superfamily.
9384558| CONCLUSIONS: These two structures suggest that the rel/NFkappaB family of transcription factors use only a few conservativechanges in their amino acid sequences to form a host of dimers with varying affinities for dimerization. 
9384558| The DNA-contacting charged amino acid sidechains from the dimerization domains are held in a similar conformation inboth the DNA-bound and free states, therefore, no major structural rearrangement is required to bring these residues intocontact with the DNA. 
9865693| The structure of the IkappaBalpha ankyrin repeat domain, bound to a partially truncated NF-kappaB heterodimer (p50/p65), has been determined by X-ray crystallography at 2.7 A resolution.
9865693| It shows a stack of six IkappaBalpha ankyrin repeats facing the C-terminal domains of the NF-kappaB Rel homologyregions.
1992489| An in vitro synthesized protein containing most of the N-terminal half of the open reading frame bound specificallyto an NF-kappa B binding site.
8087845| The C-terminal region of p105 is rapidly degraded, leaving the N-terminal p50 domain. p105 processing can beblocked in intact cells with inhibitors of the proteasome or in yeast with proteasome mutants.
9450761| Here we report the crystal structure at 2.9 A resolution of the p50/p65 heterodimer bound to the kappaB DNA of theintronic enhancer of the immunoglobulin light-chain gene. 
9384558| RESULTS: We report here the crystal structures of the dimerization domains of murine p50 and p65 at 2.2 A and 2.0 Aresolution, respectively. 
7969179| Transient transfection analysis revealed that p98NF-kappa B1, but not p105NF-kappa B1 or p84NF-kappa B1, acts as atransactivator of NF-kappa B-regulated gene expression and that this is dependent on sequences in the Rel homology domainrequired for DNA binding and on the novel 35 C-terminal aa of this isoform.
9384558| The role of DNA in the mechanism of NFkappaB dimer formation: crystal structures of the dimerization domains of the p50and p65 subunits. (title)
11297557| The p105 PEST domain contains a motif (Asp-Ser(927)-Gly-Val-Glu-Thr), related to the IKK target sequence inIkappaBalpha, which is conserved between human, mouse, rat, and chicken p105.
9950430| The transcription factor NF-kappaB is composed of homodimeric and heterodimeric complexes of Rel/NF-kappaB-familypolypeptides, which include Rel-A, c-Rel, Rel-B, NF-kappaB/p50 and NF-kappaB2/p52 . 
9384586| The high resolution of the structure reveals many water molecules which mediate interactions in the protein-DNAinterface. 
9450761| A comparison of this structure with those of other Rel dimers reveals that both subunits adopt variable conformationsin a DNA-sequence-dependent manner.
9865694| Amino acid residues immediately preceding the nuclear localization signals of both NF-kappaB p50 and p65 subunits aretethered to the IkappaBalpha amino-terminal ankyrin repeats, impeding NF-kappaB from nuclear import machinery recognition.
7830764| The amino-terminal domain also resembles the core domain of p53.
9384586| The crystal structure of human NF-kappaB p52 in its specific complex with the natural kappaB DNA binding site MHC H-2has been solved at 2.1 A resolution.
8398903| The nucleotide sequence of complementary DNA clones for this transcript, in vitro translation, and immune precipitation ofmetabolically labeled cell lysates establish that it encodes a 70 kilodalton protein that corresponds to the COOH-terminal607 amino acids of p105. p70 suppresses p65 and p75c-rel mediated transactivation of reporter genes under the control of NF-kappaB elements and in vitro can prevent DNA binding of p50 and p75c-rel homodimers to NF-kappa B sites.
2203532| However, p65 appears homologous to c-rel, suggesting that c-rel may form heterodimers with p50 and rel may include ahomodimerization motif.
7510259| NF-kappa B is a transcription factor composed of the p50 and p65 subunits. 
2203531| We have isolated a complementary cDNA coding for KBF1 and identified the DNA binding and dimerization domain of theprotein. 
2203531| KBF1 (and therefore p50) also displays extensive amino acid sequence homology with the v-rel oncogene and theDrosophila maternal morphogen dorsal. 
9450761| Other mammalian Rel family members, including the proteins p52, proto-oncoprotein c-Rel, and RelB, all have amino-terminalRel-homology regions (RHRs).
9450761| This structure indicates why the p50/p65 heterodimer interface is stronger than that of either homodimer.
9865694| The presence of IkappaBalpha allows large en bloc movement of the NF-kappaB p65 subunit amino-terminal domain.
1339305| I kappa B gamma, a 70 kd protein identical to the C-terminal half of p110 NF-kappa B: a new member of the I kappa Bfamily. (title)
1339305| A 70 kd protein can be identified in lymphoid cells using antibodies raised against the C-terminal region of p110NF-kappa B.
1339305| The 70 kd protein expressed in bacteria prevents sequence-specific DNA binding of p50-p65 NF-kappa B heterodimer, p50homodimer, and c-rel. p70 also interferes with transactivation by c-rel and prevents its nuclear translocation.
9529257| Our studies now demonstrate that p50 is generated by a unique cotranslational processing event involving the 26S proteasome,whereas cotranslational folding of sequences near the C terminus of p50 abrogates proteasome processing and leads to p105production.
9950430| Here we show that TPL-2 , which is homologous to MAP-kinase-kinase kinases in its catalytic domain, forms a complex withthe carboxy terminus of p105.
9950430| TPL-2 was originally identified, in a carboxy-terminal-deleted form, as an oncoprotein in rats and is more than 90%identical to the human oncoprotein COT.
9865693| The first two repeats cover an alpha helically ordered segment containing the p65 nuclear localization signal.
9865693| The orientation of IkappaBalpha in the complex places its N- and C-terminal regions in appropriate locations for theirknown regulatory functions.
1992489| This region also showed high homology to a domain shared by the Drosophila dorsal gene and the avian and mammalian rel(proto)oncogene products.
7969179| The NF-kappa B1 subunit of the transcription factor NF-kappa B is derived by proteolytic cleavage from the N terminus ofa 105-kDa precursor protein.
7969179| The C terminus of p105NF-kappa B1, like those of I kappa B proteins, contains ankyrin-related repeats that inhibit DNAbinding and nuclear localization of the precursor and confer I kappa B-like properties upon p105NF-kappa B1.
9384558| Members of this family of proteins form homo- and heterodimers with differing affinities for dimerization.
9384558| Crystal structures of the rel/NFkappaB family members p50 and p65 in their DNA-bound homodimeric form have been solved.
8230480| Full-length p100 only weakly binds DNA in vitro; removal of the ankyrin-like repeats generates C-terminally truncated p100proteins (like p52) that have an increased ability to bind an oligonucleotide containing a kappa B site.
8398903| The activity of a 70 kilodalton I kappa B molecule identical to the carboxyl terminus of the p105 NF-kappa B precursor ismodulated by protein kinase A. (title)
8398903| The p50 subunit of NF-kappa B is derived from the amino terminus of a 105 kilodalton precursor.
8398903| The p105 carboxyl terminus, which contains ankyrin-like repeats, a feature of I kappa B molecules, regulates thecytoplasmic retention of p105 and inhibits DNA binding by the precursor.
8398903| Here, we describe an I kappa B protein identical to the carboxyl-terminal region of p105.
8398903| Probes spanning the COOH terminus but not the rel homology domain of p105 hybridize to a distinct 2.6-kilobase mRNAexpressed in a wide range of murine tissues.
1876189| It is synthesized as approximately 100K protein (p100) that is expressed in different cell types, contains cell cyclemotifs and, like p105, must be processed to generate a 50K form.
2203532| The DNA binding subunit of the transcription factor NF-kappa B, p50, has been cloned. p50 appears to be synthesized as alarger protein that is then processed to its functional size.
1533881| Active NF-kappa B-like transcription complexes are multimers consisting of one or two members of a family of proteinsrelated to the c-Rel proto-oncoprotein. 
9450761| Crystal structure of p50/p65 heterodimer of transcription factor NF-kappaB bound to DNA. (title)
9450761| Signal-induced removal of kappaB inhibitors allows translocation of dimers to the cell nucleus and transcriptionalregulation of kappaB DNA-containing genes.
9865694| The 2.3 A crystal structure of IkappaBalpha in complex with the NF-kappaB p50/p65 heterodimer reveals mechanisms of theseinhibitory activities.
9529257| The NFkappaB1 gene encodes two functionally distinct proteins termed p50 and p105. p50 corresponds to the N terminus ofp105 and with p65 (RelA) forms the prototypical NF-kappaB transcription factor complex.
9950430| This releases associated Rel subunits or p50-Rel heterodimers to generate active nuclear NF-kappaB.
9865693| The position of the sixth ankyrin repeat shows that full-length IkappaBalpha will occlude the NF-kappaB DNA-bindingcleft.
1531086| The cDNA has an open reading frame of 900 amino acids capable of encoding a 97-kDa protein.
1531086| In vitro-translated proteins, truncated downstream of the Rel domain and excluding the repeats, bind kappa B sites.
1531086| We refer to the kappa B-binding, truncated protein as p50B by analogy with p50-NF-kappa B and to the full-length protein asp97. p50B is able to form heteromeric kappa B-binding complexes with RelB, as well as with p65 and p50, the two subunits ofNF-kappa B.
1533881| In v-Rel-transformed chicken spleen cells, v-Rel is found in high-molecular-weight complexes which include cellular proteinsof approximately 124 kDa (p124) and 115 kDa (p115).
1992489| The DNA binding subunit of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B), a B-cell protein that interacts with the immunoglobulinkappa light-chain gene enhancer, has been purified from nuclei of human HL-60 cells stimulated with tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF alpha), and internal peptide sequences were obtained.
2203531| The DNA binding subunit of NF-kappa B is identical to factor KBF1 and homologous to the rel oncogene product. (title)
2203531| The major determinant in the transcriptional control of class I genes of the major histocompatibility complex is an enhancersequence located around -170 from the transcription start site, which binds a factor named KBF1.
2203531| It appeared that KBF1 is, by all criteria used, identical to the 50 kd DNA binding subunit of NF-kappa B.
9384558| We desired to investigate the contribution of DNA to NFkappaB dimerization and to identify the mechanism for the selectiveassociation of rel/NFkappaB family peptides into transcriptionally active dimers.
9384558| A comparison of these two structures suggests that conservative amino acid changes at three positions are responsible forthe differences in their dimer interfaces.
7830764| The folds of these domains are related to immunoglobulin-like modules.
8825636| We propose that the long size of NFKB1 is important for transient activation of NF-kappa B complexes containing p50.
8825636| DNA sequence analysis showed that the 3'-end of human intron 11 and the 5'-end of exon 12 of NFKB1 are colinear with the5'-untranslated region of mouse I kappa B-gamma cDNA.
7969113| The genomic structure and sequence of NF-kappa B2 revealed the presence of two promoters and at least four kappa Bregulatory elements, which mediate responsiveness to phorbol myristate acetate and tumor necrosis factor alpha.
10469655| We propose a model that p105 is inducibly degraded, and that its degradation liberates sequestered NF-kappaB subunits,including its processing product p50. p50 homodimers are specifically bound by the transcription activator Bcl-3.
10469655| The IkappaB kinases IKKalpha and IKKbeta physically interact with p105 and inducibly phosphorylate three C-terminalserines. p105 is degraded upon TNF-alpha stimulation, but only when the IKK phospho-acceptor sites are intact.
9384586| Structure of the human NF-kappaB p52 homodimer-DNA complex at 2.1 A resolution. (title)
9384586| Whereas the overall structure resembles that of the NF-kappaB p50-DNA complex, pronounced differences are observed withinthe 'insert region'.
9384586| This sequence segment differs in length between different Rel proteins.
9384586| Additional complexity in Rel protein-DNA interaction comes from an extended interfacial water cavity that connects residuesat the edge of the dimer interface to the central DNA bases.
12477932| The National Institutes of Health Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) Program is a multiinstitutional effort to identify andsequence a cDNA clone containing a complete ORF for each human and mouse gene.
7530332| Structure of NF-kappa B p50 homodimer bound to a kappa B site. (title)
1876189| The transcription factor NF-kappa B is a protein complex which comprises a DNA-binding subunit and an associatedtransactivation protein (of relative molecular masses 50,000 (50K) and 65K, respectively).
1876189| Both the 50K and 65K subunits have similarity with the rel oncogene and the Drosophila maternal effect gene dorsal.
1876189| A 49K product (p49) can be generated independently from an alternatively spliced transcript; it has specific kappa BDNA-binding activity and can form heterodimers with other rel proteins.
2203532| Cloning of the p50 DNA binding subunit of NF-kappa B: homology to rel and dorsal. (title)
2203532| Sequence analysis reveals remarkable homology for over 300 amino acids at the amino-terminal end to the oncogene v-rel,its cellular homolog c-rel, and the Drosophila maternal effect gene dorsal.
11297557| Analysis of a panel of human p105 mutants in which serine/threonine residues within and adjacent to this motif wereindividually changed to alanine established that only serine 927 is essential for p105 proteolysis triggered by IKK2overexpression.
9450761| The NF-kappaB p50/p65 heterodimer is the classical member of the Rel family of transcription factors which regulate diversecellular functions such as immune response, cell growth, and development.
9450761| The RHR is responsible for the dimerization, DNA binding and cytosolic localization of these proteins by virtue of complexformation with inhibitor kappaB proteins.
9450761| NF-kappaB specifically recognizes kappaB DNA elements with a consensus sequence of 5'-GGGRNYYYCC-3' (R is an unspecifiedpurine;
9450761| Our structure reveals a 5-base-pair 5' subsite for p50, and a 4-base-pair 3' subsite for p65.
9450761| Our results explain the different behaviour of the p50/p65 heterodimer with heterologous promoters.
11239468| We show that this step is negatively regulated by a processing-inhibitory domain (PID) within p100 and positivelyregulated by the NF-kappaB-inducing kinase (NIK).
11239468| While the PID suppresses the constitutive processing of p100, NIK induces p100 processing by stimulating site-specificphosphorylation and ubiquitination of this precursor protein.
9865694| The crystal structure of the IkappaBalpha/NF-kappaB complex reveals mechanisms of NF-kappaB inactivation. (title)
9865694| This conformational change induces allosteric inhibition of NF-kappaB DNA binding.
1339305| Comparison of the two-dimensional tryptic peptide maps of the 70 kd protein expressed in cells and the in vitro translatedproduct encoded by the cDNA display extensive homology.
9950430| The NF-kappaB1 gene encodes a larger precursor protein, p105, from which p50 is produced constitutively byproteasome-mediated removal of the p105 carboxy terminus.
9950430| The p105 precursor also acts as an NFkappaB-inhibitory protein, retaining associated p50, c-Rel and Rel-A proteins in thecytoplasm through its carboxy terminus.
9950430| Following cell stimulation by agonists, p105 is proteolysed more rapidly and released Rel subunits translocate into thenucleus.
9950430| TPL-2 is therefore a component of a new signalling pathway that controls proteolysis of NF-kappaB1 p105.
9865693| Contacts occur in discontinuous patches, suggesting a combinatorial quality for ankyrin repeat specificity.
1531086| A novel mitogen-inducible gene product related to p50/p105-NF-kappa B participates in transactivation through a kappa B site.(title)
1531086| This protein is most similar to the 105-kDa precursor polypeptide of p50-NF-kappa B.
1531086| Transient-transfection experiments in embryonal carcinoma cells demonstrate a functional cooperation between p50B and RelB orp65 in transactivation of a reporter plasmid dependent on a kappa B site.
1533881| We have isolated a chicken cDNA encoding p105, the precursor protein for the p50 subunit of NF-kappa B.
7510259| Recent works identified another human gene which encodes a molecule related to the p50 subunit, termed p50B, p49 or lyt-10.
1992489| Cloning of the DNA-binding subunit of human nuclear factor kappa B: the level of its mRNA is strongly regulated by phorbolester or tumor necrosis factor alpha. (title)
1992489| Thus, both factors not only activate NF-kappa B protein, as described previously, but also induce expression of the geneencoding the DNA-binding subunit of NF-kappa B.
2203531| Because KBF1 and the transcription factor NF-kappa B bind to similar sequences, we investigated the relationship betweenthese two molecules.
9384558| The presence of the target DNA does not change the dimer interface of either protein in any significant manner.
9384558| Amino acids at positions corresponding to 254, 267, and 307 of murine p50, function as primary determinants for the observeddifferences in dimerization affinity.
11094166| We found that RAC3 functions as a coactivator by binding to the active form of NF-kappa B and that overexpression of RAC3restores GR-dependent transcription neglecting GR/NF-kappa B transrepression.
8036016| We have identified a rearrangement of the NFKB-2 gene in the HUT 78 human cutaneous T-cell leukemia (CTCL) line, cDNA andgenomic DNA sequence predicted the presence of a truncated 80 kD NFKB-2 precursor protein (p80HT), instead of the normal p100protein.
8036016| The p52 protein bound to a palindromic kappa B DNA motif, however p80HT did not.
7830764| Structure of the NF-kappa B p50 homodimer bound to DNA. (title)
7830764| Both domains contact the DNA backbone.
8825636| The complete exon-intron structure of the 156-kb human gene NFKB1, which encodes the p105 and p50 proteins of transcriptionfactors NF-kappa B and I kappa B-gamma: implications for NF-kappa B-mediated signal transduction. (title)
8825636| We determined the complete genomic structure of human NFKB1.
8825636| Although NFKB2, which encodes p100 and p52, also has 24 exons and has a comparable exon-intron structure, it is 20 timesshorter (8 kb;
8825636| I kappa B-gamma corresponds to the carboxyl-terminal half of p105.
8230480| In addition, we show that chicken p100 is identical to a protein previously designated p115, which is found in a complexwith v-Rel in transformed chicken spleen cells.
8230480| Furthermore, p100 and v-Rel can form a complex when synthesized in vitro.
10469655| Thus, the known NF-kappaB stimuli not only cause nuclear accumulation of p50-p65 heterodimers but also of Bcl-3-p50 andperhaps further transcription activator complexes which are formed upon IKK-mediated p105 degradation.
9384586| The insert region presents potential interaction surfaces to other proteins.
9384586| The observed water network might acount for differences in binding specificity between NF-kappaB p52 and NF-kappaB p50homodimers.
8087845| The p105 precursor of the p50 subunit of NF-kappa B is processed in vitro by an ATP-dependent process that requiresproteasomes and ubiquitin conjugation.
12477932| Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. (title)
12477932| All MGC sequences and clones are available without restriction through public databases and clone distribution networks(see http:mgc.nci.nih.gov).
8398903| The ability of p70 to stably associate with p49 and p65 in vitro, but not inhibit DNA binding by these proteins, suggeststhat the specific inhibitory properties of this I kappa B may reflect its relative affinity for different rel targets. p70phosphorylated by protein kinase A fails to inhibit DNA binding by p50 or the c-rel protein, and sequencing of radiolabeled p70tryptic phosphopeptides establishes that protein kinase A phosphorylates serine residue 576 of p70.
1876189| Cloning of an NF-kappa B subunit which stimulates HIV transcription in synergy with p65. (title)
1876189| The 50K DNA-binding subunit was previously thought to be a unique protein, derived from the 105K gene product (p105).
1876189| We now report the isolation of a complementary DNA that encodes an alternative DNA-binding subunit of NF-kappa B.
1876189| In contrast to the approximately 50K protein derived from p105, p49 acts in synergy with p65 to stimulate the humanimmunodeficiency virus (HIV) enhancer in transiently transfected Jurkat cells. p49/p100 NF-kappa B could therefore be importantin the regulation of HIV and other kappa B-containing genes.
2203532| Protein sequence from the p65 polypeptide has established that it is not encoded in the same mRNA as p50.
11297557| The p105 precursor protein of NF-kappaB1 acts as an NF-kappaB inhibitory protein, retaining associated Rel subunits inthe cytoplasm of unstimulated cells.
11297557| Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha) stimulate p105 degradation, releasing associatedRel subunits to translocate into the nucleus.
11297557| This residue is also required for TNFalpha and IL-1alpha to stimulate p105 degradation.
11297557| By using a specific anti-phosphopeptide antibody, it was confirmed that IKK2 overexpression induces serine 927phosphorylation of co-transfected p105 and that endogenous p105 is also rapidly phosphorylated on this residue after TNFalphaor IL-1alpha stimulation.
11297557| Together these experiments indicate that the IKK complex regulates the signal-induced proteolysis of NF-kappaB1 p105 bydirect phosphorylation of serine 927 in its PEST domain.

OTX2_BRARE.stru:

1353865| Thus at the time when regional specification of major brain regions takes place, the expression domains of the fourgenes seem to be continuous regions contained within each other in the sequence Emx1 less than Emx2 less than Otx1 lessthan Otx2.
7898305| The zebrafish otx2 homeoprotein shares high amino-acid sequence identity with the mouse Otx2 homeoprotein, whereasthe zebrafish otx1 and otx3 homeoproteins exhibit moderate homology with the mouse Otx1 and Otx2 homeoproteins.
7893604| To analyze the molecular mechanism of pattern formation in the anteriormost regions of the zebrafish embryo, we isolatedtwo zebrafish sequences, zOtx1 and zOtx2, related to the Drosophila orthodenticle (otd) and two murine Otx genes. zOtx1 andzOtx2 encode predicted gene products which are 82% and 94% identical to the corresponding mouse proteins.
7931541| Within the cerebral and cerebellar cortices, neurons are organized in layers that segregate neurons with distinctivemorphologies and axonal connections, and areas or regions that correspond to distinct functional domains.
7898305| In the developing brain, three zebrafish otx mRNAs are distributed in the diencephalon and the midbrain, but their fineexpression patterns are different. 
7720578| In particular, this homeodomain contains a specific lysine residue at position 9 of the recognition helix.
7931541| To explore the molecular underpinnings of pattern formation in layered regions of the CNS, we have characterized thepatterns of expression of two homeodomain genes, Otx1 and Otx2, by in situ hybridization during embryonic and postnataldevelopment in the rat.
1353865| Insight into the genetic control of the identity of specific regions along the body axis of vertebrates has resultedprimarily from the study of vertebrate homologues of regulatory genes operating in the Drosophila trunk, but little is knownabout the development of most anterior regions of the body either in flies or vertebrates.
7720578| Microinjection of Xotx2 mRNA in 1-, 2- and 4-cell stage embryos causes the appearance of secondary cement glands and partialsecondary axes in embryos with reduced trunk and tail structures.
7720578| Microinjected transcripts of Xotx2 constructs containing a homeodomain where this lysine is substituted by a glutamine or aglutamic acid residue fail to cause these effects.
8613727| At embryonic day (E)13.5. the regional pattern of expression of Otx1, Otx2, Dlx1, Dlx2, Dlx5, and Emx1 is maintained inprimary culture, suggesting that cells are already committed to a regional identity at this stage.
7893604| Transcripts of both zebrafish genes appear abruptly at high levels in a triangular patch at the animal pole of themid-gastrula, a region which contains cells fated to become midbrain and forebrain.
7893604| Between 9 and 14 h of development, zOtx transcripts disappear from forebrain regions in a manner characteristic for eachgene, and from 14 to 24 h, particular regions of the forebrain and midbrain express one or both genes.
7931541| Otx1 and Otx2 define layers and regions in developing cerebral cortex and cerebellum. (title)
7931541| This gene is also expressed by the precursors of deep-layer neurons within the developing cerebral ventricular zone, but isapparently downregulated by the progenitors of upper-layer neurons;
7931541| The spatial and temporal patterns suggest that Otx1 may play a role in the specification or differentiation of neurons inthe deep layers of the cerebral cortex.
7931541| Within the cerebellum, mRNAs for Otx1 and Otx2 are found within the external granular layer (EGL), but in three spatiallydistinct domains.
7931541| Otx2 mRNA is localized posteriorly, and a region of overlap in mid-cerebellum defines a third domain in which both genesare expressed.
12477932| The National Institutes of Health Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) Program is a multiinstitutional effort to identify andsequence a cDNA clone containing a complete ORF for each human and mouse gene.
1353865| The Otx1 expression domain is similar to that of Otx2, but contained within it.
1353865| The Emx2 expression domain is comprised of dorsal telencephalon and small diencephalic regions, both dorsally andventrally.
8101484| In early midgestation embryos it is expressed in telencephalic, diencephalic and mesencephalic regions but from day 11.75of gestation its expression disappears from dorsal telencephalon and is confined to diencephalic and mesencephalic regions.
8101484| Its gene product contains a homeodomain of the bicoid class and is able to recognize and transactivate a bicoid targetsequence.
7720578| The Xenopus homologue of Otx2 is a maternal homeobox gene that demarcates and specifies anterior body regions. (title)
7720578| The murine cognate, Otx2, is first expressed in the entire epiblast of prestreak embryos and later in very anterior regionsof late-gastrulae, including the neuroectoderm of presumptive fore- and mid-brain.
7720578| Whole-mount in situ hybridization shows a localized expression in the dorsal region of the marginal zone at stage 9.5.
7720578| At stage 10.25 Xotx2 is expressed in dorsal bottle cells and in cells of the dorsal deep zone fated to give rise toprechordal mesendoderm, suggesting a role in the specification of very anterior structures.
7898305| Three zebrafish otx homeoproteins containing a homeodomain homologous to that of the Drosophila orthodenticle head gap geneproduct have been identified by cloning and sequencing of cDNAs.
7898305| Three otx homeoprotein mRNAs show different spatio-temporal expression patterns during zebrafish embryogenesis as revealedby Northern blot and whole mount in situ hybridization analyses.
7898305| The otx3 homeoprotein mRNA appears in the embryonic shield, the site of the organizer.
8613727| Dissociated primary cultures from rat telencephalon at different developmental stages were used to study the effect of basicfibroblast growth factor (FGF2) on Otx2, Dlx1, and Emx1, three homeobox genes expressed in different regions of the developingmammalian forebrain.
8235591| Thus, noggin has the expression pattern and activity expected of an endogenous neural inducer.
7893604| The posterior limit of expression of both genes in 10-30-h embryos forms a sharp boundary at the posterior border of themidbrain.
7893604| As in the mouse, the early expression patterns of the zOtx genes are consistent with a role in defining midbrain andforebrain territories.
7893604| However, there are a number of interesting differences between the forebrain and midbrain regions which express the genesin the two species.
7931541| Here we report that Otx1 mRNA is expressed in a subpopulation of neurons within cortical layers 5 and 6 during postnataland adult life.
7931541| Otx1 is never expressed by the neurons of layers 1-4.
7931541| Spatially restricted patterns of hybridization are observed early in postnatal life, at times that correspond roughly tothe invasion of spinal and pontine afferents into the cerebellum (Arsenio-Nunes and Sotelo, 1985;
12477932| Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. (title)
12477932| All MGC sequences and clones are available without restriction through public databases and clone distribution networks(see http:mgc.nci.nih.gov).
1353865| Nested expression domains of four homeobox genes in developing rostral brain. (title)
1353865| Three Drosophila genes have been identified that are important in controlling the development of the head, two of which,empty spiracles and orthodenticle, have been cloned and shown to contain a homeobox.
1353865| We previously cloned and characterized Emx1 and Emx2, two mouse genes related to empty spiracles that are expressed inrestricted regions of the developing forebrain, including the presumptive cerebral cortex and olfactory bulbs.
1353865| We have compared the expression domains of the four genes in the developing rostral brain of mouse embryos at adevelopmental stage, day 10 post coitum, when they are all expressed.
1353865| Otx2 is expressed in every dorsal and most ventral regions of telencephalon, diencephalon and mesencephalon.
8101484| A vertebrate gene related to orthodenticle contains a homeodomain of the bicoid class and demarcates anterior neuroectodermin the gastrulating mouse embryo. (title)
8101484| Both genes are expressed in restricted regions of the developing rostral brain including the presumptive cerebral cortexand olfactory bulbs.
8101484| The expression patterns of the two genes in diencephalon suggest that they both have a role in establishing the boundarybetween presumptive dorsal and ventral thalamus.
8101484| They are also expressed in regions of the developing olfactory, auricolar and ocular system, including the covering of theoptic nerve.
8101484| Otx1 expression is detectable from day 8 of gestation in telencephalic, diencephalic and mesencephalic regions.
8101484| Otx2 is one of the earliest genes expressed in the epiblast and immediately afterwards is expressed in anteriorneuroectoderm, demarcating rostral brain regions even before headfold formation.

PENK_XENLA.stru:

1721992| The putative TATA box, CAAT box, CRE and Pit 1 elements have been identified on this gene by sequence homology topublished consensus sequences. 
1721992| Comparison to mammalian proenkephalin genomic sequence indicated that nucleotide sequences of the 5' flanking region,noncoding exon I and exon II were not well conserved but exon III was highly conserved.
7057924| The corresponding amino acid sequence shows that the precursor is 267 amino acids long and contains six interspersedMet-enkephalin sequences and one Leu-enkephalin sequence. 
6547769| The human proenkephalin gene consists of four exons, of which the main exon (exon IV) contains all known biologicallyactive peptides--six Met-enkephalin sequences and one Leu-enkephalin sequence. 
1721992| To assay for sequences that could potentially regulate Xenopus proenkephalin expression, we transfected constructs thatcontained upstream genomic sequences linked to the CAT reporter gene into various eukaryotic cell lines.
6547769| We report here the primary structures of the putative main exons of two proenkephalin genes in X. laevis, each of whichcodes for seven Met-enkephalin sequences but no Leu-enkephalin, indicating that Met-enkephalin preceded Leu-enkephalin in theevolution of the proenkephalin gene.
6547769| The organization of the main exons of the toad genes is remarkably similar to that of the human gene and conservedregions provide evidence for functionally significant structures.
9126357| Mass spectrometry of fragments produced by limited proteolytic digestion of pro-enkephalin was used to locate the disulfidebridges in synenkephalin (pro-enkephalin 1-73), a domain which contains sorting information for targeting thepro-neuropeptide to the granules of the regulated secretory pathway in neuroendocrine cells.
9126357| Protein conformational prediction of synenkephalin1-42 shows beta-turns which facilitate the formation of these disulfidebonds. 
7057924| The precursors does not contain the sequences of the opioid peptides, dynorphin, alpha-neo-endorphin or beta-endorphin.
1721992| Exon II contains the signal peptide and the N terminus of the mature protein.
12477932| The National Institutes of Health Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) Program is a multiinstitutional effort to identify andsequence a cDNA clone containing a complete ORF for each human and mouse gene.
9126357| The structure of synenkephalin (pro-enkephalin 1-73) is dictated by three disulfide bridges. (title)
7057924| Primary structure of the human Met- and Leu-enkephalin precursor and its mRNA. (title)
7057924| The nucleotide sequence of a complete cDNA copy of enkephalin precursor mRNA from human phaeochromocytoma is reported.
7057924| Five of the seven enkephalins are flanked on both sides by pairs of basic amino acid residues.
1721992| The clones have been characterized by DNA sequencing and restriction endonuclease mapping.
1721992| Exon I encodes the 5' untranslated region of the mRNA.
1721992| The expression of the fusion gene constructs were detected and could be induced 10- to 30-fold upon treatment withforskolin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
12477932| Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. (title)
12477932| All MGC sequences and clones are available without restriction through public databases and clone distribution networks(see http:mgc.nci.nih.gov).
6547769| Polymorphism and absence of Leu-enkephalin sequences in proenkephalin genes in Xenopus laevis. (title)
6547769| The structures of the genes coding for the opioid peptide precursors proopiomelanocortin, proenkephalin (proenkephalin A)and prodynorphin (proenkephalin B), are known for some mammalian species.
6547769| We also detect a polymorphism in one of the toad proenkephalin genes, mapping 1.5 kilobases (kb) 5' of the main exon; it iscaused by an insertion/deletion of a 1-kb repetitive sequence which has the characteristics of a transposable element.
9126357| Three disulfide bridges between Cys2-Cys24, Cys6-Cys28, and Cys9-Cys41 were identified.
6281660| Isolation and structural organization of the human preproenkephalin gene. (title)

PRO2_HUMAN.stru:

10600384| Differential isoform specificity for proline-rich proteins may be attributed to the differences in charged andhydrophobic residues in and proximal to the poly-L-proline binding site.
11034907| They are identical through residue 107 of the protein, but then have distinct C-terminal sequences.
8365484| We have isolated a 1.7 kbp cDNA encoding a 140 amino acid protein (15.1 kDa, pI 5.91) with a high sequence similarity(62%) to human profilin (profilin I).
10600384| This structure reveals an aromatic extension of the previously defined poly-L-proline binding site for profilin I.
12477932| The National Institutes of Health Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) Program is a multiinstitutional effort to identify andsequence a cDNA clone containing a complete ORF for each human and mouse gene.
10600384| X-ray structure determination of human profilin II: A comparative structural analysis of human profilins. (title)
10600384| Like SH3 domains, profilin has a surface-exposed aromatic patch which binds to proline-rich peptides.
10600384| In contrast to serine 29 of profilin I, tyrosine 29 in profilin II is capable of forming an additional stacking interactionand a hydrogen bond with poly-L-proline which may account for the increased affinity of the second isoform for proline-richpeptides.
7758455| Profilin I and profilin II have similar affinities for PtdIns(4,5)P2 and poly(L-proline), and both accelerate nucleotideexchange on monomeric actin to the same extent.
7758455| However, the affinity of profilin I for monomeric actin is about five times higher than the affinity of profilin II foractin.
7758455| Potential structural differences of profilin I and profilin II that might explain the difference in actin binding arediscussed.
7601111| This difference is explained by an amino acid exchange in the carboxy-terminal part of the protein which has beenimplicated in poly(L-proline) binding (Bjorkegren, C., Rozycki, M., Schutt, C., Lindberg, U. &
12477932| Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. (title)
12477932| All MGC sequences and clones are available without restriction through public databases and clone distribution networks(see http:mgc.nci.nih.gov).
10600384| Human profilins are multifunctional, single-domain proteins which directly link the actin microfilament system to avariety of signalling pathways via two spatially distinct binding sites.
10600384| Profilin binds to monomeric actin in a 1:1 complex, catalyzes the exchange of the actin-bound nucleotide and regulatesactin filament barbed end assembly.
10600384| Various multidomain proteins including members of the Ena/VASP and formin families localize profilin:actin complexesthrough profilin:poly-L-proline interactions to particular cytoskeletal locations (e.g. focal adhesions, cleavage furrows).
10600384| Humans express a basic (I) and an acidic (II) isoform of profilin which exhibit different affinities for peptides andproteins rich in proline residues.
10600384| Here, we report the crystallization and X-ray structure determination of human profilin II to 2.2 A.
10600384| These observations are important for the understanding of the functional and structural differences between these twoclasses of profilin isoforms.
11027290| We deduced the structure of the mouse profilin II gene.
11027290| It contains five exons that can generate four different transcripts by alternative splicing.
11027290| Two transcripts encode different profilin II isoforms (designated IIa and IIb) that have similar affinities for actin butdifferent affinities for polyphosphoinositides and proline-rich sequences.
11027290| Profilin I is the major form in all tissues, except in the brain, where profilin IIa is most abundant.
11027290| Profilin IIb appears to be a minor form, and its expression is restricted to a limited number of tissues, indicating thatthe alternative splicing is tightly regulated.
11027290| In situ hybridization of adult brain sections reveals overlapping expression patterns of profilins I and IIa.
11034907| Profilins are a conserved family of proteins participating in actin dynamics and cell motility.
11034907| Our results indicate unexpected diversity in the functions of the profilin family of proteins, and suggest that in mouseprofilin IIA is intimately involved in actin dynamics, while profilin IIB associates with other cytoskeletal components.

RBS_TOBAC.stru:

8425051| While most of the DNase I protections encompass previously identified conserved sequence motifs and their flankingsequence, we also observe protection of additional sequences, many of which occur in the region of the transcription startsite.
4000958| The 5' flanking end of the gene carries 67 bp inverted repeats, which flank a series of eight direct repeats; the directrepeats themselves each carry inverted repeats. 
1512238| The structure of the unactivated form of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase was refined at a resolutionof 2.0 A to an R-factor of 17.1%. 
1512238| The refined model consists of residues 22-63 and 69-467 of the large subunit and the complete small subunit. 
4000958| The tobacco gene is most closely related to the SS genes from the dicots soybean and pea, and less so to the monocots wheatand Lemna; the deduced amino acid sequence of the mature protein is in all cases more closely conserved than is itschloroplast transit sequence. 
3557127| At the nucleotide level, the protein-coding regions of these genes are 85% conserved, while the untranslated 3' regionsare only 55% conserved.
8299958| Within the two species, Lycopersicon esculentum and Solanum tuberosum, both members of the Solanaceae, the rbcS genes sharemore interspecific sequence identity, especially in the 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions and the intron sequences, thanwithin one species.
8425051| These three genes share at least three DNA sequence motifs, including the G-box sequence, which are apparently notpresent in the other two tomato rbcS genes.
1512238| The active site shows differences between the unactivated form and the quaternary complex.
1512238| This residue lies on loop 6 of the alpha beta barrel, which is a particularly mobile loop.
6549380| The 5' end, which is very rich in AG residues, contains several direct and indirect repeated sequences, and a possiblehairpin structure.
6549380| The 3' end, terminated by a 103-nucleotide-long poly-A tail, is very rich in AU residues but does not contain theclassical polyadenylation signal sequence.
3422467| The intron/exon structure of the three genes in locus 2 is highly conserved with respect to size and position.
1512238| An examination of the intersubunit contacts shows that the L8S8 hexadecamer is composed of four L2 dimers. 
6549380| In this 898-nucleotide-long mRNA, 540 nucleotides code for the entire 180-amino-acid-long precursor polypeptide consistingof the 57-amino acid-long transit peptide and the 123-amino-acid-long mature protein, while 60 and 195 nucleotides belong to the5' and 3' noncoding flanking regions, respectively. 
3422467| Although in most cases the amino acid sequences in the transit peptide part of different rbcS genes from the same speciesvaried considerably more than the corresponding mature amino acid sequences, one exception found in tomato and potatoindicates that the transit peptide of rbcS could have a special function. 
4000958| The third tobacco intron lies within a highly conserved region of the protein.
1512238| Crystal structure of the unactivated form of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from tobacco refined at 2.0-Aresolution. (title)
1512238| The residues are held poised by a network of hydrogen bonds.
3012537| In this study, the nucleotide sequences of two tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) RBCS genes and a cDNA clone containingthe entire coding region of a third tomato RBCS gene were determined.
3012537| Rbcs-1, whose nucleotide sequence shows higher divergence from both the tobacco RBCS gene and Rbcs-2A and Rbcs-3A, encodesa polypeptide whose mature part differs by eight amino acids from the corresponding region in the tobacco polypeptide but onlyby three and four amino acids from the corresponding regions of Rbcs-2A- and Rbcs-3A-encoded polypeptides, respectively.
3478552| Genomic organization, sequence analysis and expression of all five genes encoding the small subunit ofribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from tomato. (title)
3478552| The Rbcs-2 gene contains three introns; all the other members of the tomato gene family contain two introns.
3478552| The exon and intron sequences of Rbcs-3A are identical to those of Rbcs-3C, and differ by 1.9% from those of Rbcs-3B.
3478552| Northern analysis using gene-specific oligonucleotide probes from the 3' non-coding region of each gene reveals a four tofive-fold difference among the five genes in maximal steady-state mRNA levels in leaves.
3557127| Nucleotide sequence and molecular evolution of two tomato genes encoding the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphatecarboxylase. (title)
2388836| Nucleotide sequences of two genes encoding the small subunit of RUBISCO in Nicotiana sylvestris. (title)
8299958| We determined the nucleotide sequences of five members of the rbcS gene family encoding the small subunit (SSU) ofribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) of potato.
8299958| However, the expression data of orthologous rbcS genes containing highly identical regulatory cis-acting elements werefound to be different, suggesting that the simple finding of these motifs does not automatically imply similar transcriptionaland/or post-transcriptional gene regulation.
8425051| DNase I footprinting assays were used to map sites of DNA-protein interaction in the promoter regions of three of the fivegenes encoding the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (rbcS) in tomato.
1512238| A striking feature of the model is that several loops have very high B-factors, probably representing mobile regions ofthe molecule.
1512238| The dominant contacts between these L2 dimers are formed by the small subunits.
1512238| This suggests that the small subunits may be essential for maintaining the integrity of the L8S8 structure.
1512238| In particular, Lys334 has moved out of the active site by about 10A.
1512238| In the unactivated state, the active site is accessible to substrate binding.
3012537| The nuclear gene sequences encoding RBCS, the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (EC4.1.1.39) from several plants show extensive interspecific divergence but little intraspecific divergence, suggesting that thesegenes are evolving in concert within a genome.
6549380| Complete sequence of one of the mRNAs coding for the small subunit of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase of Nicotianasylvestris. (title)
6549380| The combination of cDNA and RNA sequencing techniques has enabled determination of the complete sequence of one of themRNAs coding for the precursor of the small subunit of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase of Nicotiana sylvestris.
3684569| Genomic clones containing three genes for the small subunit (SSU) of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase were isolated fromtobacco.
3684569| In addition, another clone was found to contain coding sequences which are 100% homologous to a previously-cloned tobaccoSSU gene (Mazur, B.J. and Chiu, C-F. (1985) Nuc.
3422467| These genes contain two introns, whereas the gene from locus 1 contains three introns.
3478552| We have cloned and sequenced all five members of the gene family for the small subunit (rbcS) of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphatecarboxylase/oxygenase from tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum cv.
3478552| Three genes, designated Rbcs-3A, Rbcs-3B and Rbcs-3C, are organized in a tandem array within 10 kb at a third independentlocus.
3478552| The coding sequence of Rbcs-1 differs by 14.0% from that of Rbcs-2 and by 13.3% from that of Rbcs-3 genes.
3478552| Nucleotide sequence analysis suggests that the five rbcS genes encode four different precursors, and three different maturepolypeptides.
3478552| S1 nuclease mapping of the 5' end of rbcS mRNAs revealed that the mRNA leader sequences vary in length from 8 to 75nucleotides.
3557127| We have isolated and sequenced two cDNA clones (LESS5 and LESS17) encoding the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphatecarboxylase of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum).
3557127| In addition, the tomato gene LESS17, and the Petunia hybrida gene SSU611, may also be orthologous, since their untranslated3' regions are related.
3557127| Many of the differences involving the CG dinucleotide can be represented as transitions between C and T on the noncodingstrand.
4000958| Sequence of a genomic DNA clone for the small subunit of ribulose bis-phosphate carboxylase-oxygenase from tobacco. (title)
4000958| We have cloned and sequenced a gene for the small subunit (SS) of ribulose bis-phosphate carboxylase-oxygenase fromNicotiana tabacum.
4000958| Unlike the genomic sequences of the two monocots, which have one intron, and the two other dicots, which have two introns,the tobacco gene has three introns.
8299958| The gene family encoding the ribulose-(1,5)-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) small subunit of potato. (title)
8299958| The genomic organization, structure and expression of the genes is compared to the features of the rbcS genes in tomato.
8425051| Developmental and organ-specific changes in DNA-protein interactions in the tomato rbcS1, rbcS2 and rbcS3A promoter regions.(title)
8425051| Organ-specific differences in DNase I protection patterns were observed using nuclear extracts derived from cotyledons,leaves, young fruit, mature fruit, and roots of tomato, implying that organ-specific transcription of these genes is controlledat the level of DNA-protein interaction.
8425051| We find protection of one or more of these sequences in the aforementioned organs, indicating that the correspondingDNA-binding proteins could function in directing differential expression of the genes, although functional studies would berequired to establish this point.
1512238| The previous model (Chapman et al., 1988) was extensively rebuilt, and the small subunit was retraced.
1512238| The site of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activation is well ordered in the absence of the carbamylationof Lys201 and Mg2+ binding.
3012537| Evidence for selection as a mechanism in the concerted evolution of Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato) genes encoding the smallsubunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase. (title)
3012537| The nucleotide sequence of Rbcs-1 differs from that of Rbcs-2A and Rbcs-3A by 13.9% and 13.1%, respectively.
3012537| A recently published RBCS gene sequence from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) (Mazur, B.
3012537| However, the mature part of the polypeptide encoded by the tobacco RBCS gene differs by five and six amino acids from thecorresponding region in the polypeptides encoded by Rbcs-2A and Rbcs-3A, respectively, while these two tomato RBCS polypeptidesdiffer from each other in the mature part by a single amino acid.
3684569| This analysis demonstrated that one of the clones contained a pseudogene that was unusual in that it was transcriptionallyactive.
3422467| One of these is a cDNA clone; the other four are located on two genomic clones representing two different chromosomal locicontaining one (locus 1) and three genes (locus 2), respectively.

SEP7_HUMAN.stru:

8697812| The deduced peptide sequence contained conserved domains rich in basic residues, GXXGXGKS--DXXG--TKXD, a motif ofthe GTPase superfamily.
9022087| This newly identified 5' gene contains an open reading frame encoding 369 amino acids with a high degree of sequencesimilarity to an expanding family of GTP-binding proteins. 
10591208| The sequence obtained consists of 12 contiguous segments spanning 33.4 megabases, contains at least 545 genes and134 pseudogenes, and provides the first view of the complex chromosomal landscapes that will be found in the rest of the genome. 
8152419| Their products are associated with the formation of a ring of neck filaments that forms at the region of the mothercell-bud junction during mitosis.
8037772| The predicted peptide sequence also revealed partial amino-acid identity (40-50%) with Diff 6 in Drosophila andwith H5 in mouse.
9385360| A Drosophila-related expressed sequence tag (DRES) with sequence similarity to the peanut gene has previously beenlocalized to human chromosome 22q11. 
11322766| An expression sequence tag identified in a screen for genes upregulated by retinoic acid induced neuronal differentiationof the human teratocarcinoma cell line Ntera2/D1 was found in close genomic proximity to a region of high sequence homologyto the septin subfamily of GTPase genes.
11859360| The centromeres are between 35 and 110 kilobases (kb) and contain related repeats including a highly conserved1.8-kb element.
12537569| We compared the sequence of these clones to the annotated Release 3 genomic sequence, and identified more than 5,300cDNAs that contain a complete and accurate protein-coding sequence.
11511094| The gene contains GTPase motifs highly conserved in the septin family genes that are essential for cytokinesis andcell separation.
11511094| The transcript of beta form lacks a hydrophobic region, which suggests that this form arises from a single Bradeiongene through unique RNA splicing.
9022087| GP Ib is composed of two subunits (GP Ib(alpha) and GP Ib(beta)) each synthesized from separate genes. 
10591208| The genomic sequence provides access to the complete structures of all genes, including those without known function,their control elements, and, by inference, the proteins they encode, as well as all other biologically important sequences.
8590280| In this series of projects regarding the accumulation of sequence information of unidentified human genes, we newly deducedthe sequences of 40 full-length cDNA clones of human cell line KG-1, and predicted the coding sequences of the correspondinggenes, named KIAA0121 to 0160.
8590280| A stretch of 10 amino acid-residues was repeated 21 times in KIAA0139, and a homologous sequence of 76-78 nucleotides wasfound repeated 6 times in the untranslated region of KIAA0125.
12537572| Finally, cDNA sequence provided evidence for dicistronic transcripts, neighboring genes with overlapping UTRs on the sameDNA sequence strand, alternatively spliced genes that encode distinct, non-overlapping peptides, and numerous nested genes.
8037772| This cDNA contained an open reading frame of 1254 nucleotides encoding 418 amino acids, which included a GTP-bindingmotif, GX4GKS--DX2G--KXD.
8037772| Each of these sequence homologues, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae CDC10, contains the GTP-binding motif.
8152419| Morphogenesis in Candida albicans, a major fungal pathogen of humans, consists of both budding and the formation ofhyphae. 
10731132| We have determined the nucleotide sequence of nearly all of the approximately 120-megabase euchromatic portion of theDrosophila genome using a whole-genome shotgun sequencing strategy supported by extensive clone-based sequence and ahigh-quality bacterial artificial chromosome physical map.
10731132| Efforts are under way to close the remaining gaps; however, the sequence is of sufficient accuracy and contiguity to bedeclared substantially complete and to support an initial analysis of genome structure and preliminary gene annotation andinterpretation.
9022087| Glycoprotein (GP) Ib is a major component of the platelet membrane receptor for von Willebrand factor, designated the GPIb-IX-V complex.
8152419| Not surprisingly, DNA sequence analysis reveals that the proteins share extensive homology at the amino acid level withtheir respective S. cerevisiae counterparts.
8152419| A database search revealed significant sequence similarity with two peptides, one from Drosophila and one from mouse,suggesting strong evolutionary conservation of function.
10591208| Knowledge of the complete genomic DNA sequence of an organism allows a systematic approach to defining its geneticcomponents.
10591208| Furthermore, the sequence is a rich and permanent source of information for the design of further biological studies ofthe organism and for the study of evolution through cross-species sequence comparison.
11859360| Regions upstream of genes are longer than in budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), possibly reflecting more-extendedcontrol regions.
11859360| We identify highly conserved genes important for eukaryotic cell organization including those required for thecytoskeleton, compartmentation, cell-cycle control, proteolysis, protein phosphorylation and RNA splicing.
12747765| A serological profile was generated for each antigen on the basis of reactivity with allogeneic sera from normalindividuals and cancer patients, and mRNA expression profiles for coding sequences were assembled based upon the tissuedistribution of expressed sequence tags, Northern blots and real-time RT-PCR.
8590280| Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. IV. The coding sequences of 40 new genes(KIAA0121-KIAA0160) deduced by analysis of cDNA clones from human cell line KG-1. (title)
8590280| The results of a computer search of public databases indicated that the sequences of 13 genes were unrelated to anyreported genes, while the remaining 27 genes carried sequences which showed some similarities to known genes.
8590280| A stretch of triplet repeats was contained in each of three genes: These were GAG(Glu) in KIAA0122 and KIAA0147, andTCC(Ser) in KIAA0150.
8590280| Although a vast number of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) have been registered for comprehensive analysis of cDNA clones,our sequence data indicated that their distribution is very unbalanced: e.g. while no EST hit 7 genes, 85 ESTs fell in a singlegene.
12537569| CONCLUSIONS: We show that comparison of cDNA sequences to a high-quality annotated genomic sequence is an effectiveapproach to identifying and eliminating defective clones from a cDNA collection and ensure its utility for experimentation.
12537569| Clones were eliminated either because they carry single nucleotide discrepancies, which most probably result from reversetranscriptase errors, or because they are truncated and contain only part of the protein-coding sequence.
9889007| We assigned two human expressed sequence tags (ESTs), WI-15444 and SGC32067, homologous to mouse brain protein h5, to thecritical region for Meckel syndrome (MKS) on 17q22-q23.
9889007| For the sequence analyses in MKS patients, we isolated the corresponding human gene, PNUTL2, by analyzing an Image cDNAclone that contained these ESTs.
9203580| Nedd5, a mammalian septin, is a novel cytoskeletal component interacting with actin-based structures. (title)
9203580| The Nedd5-containing fibers also appear to physically contact actin bundles and focal adhesion complexes and aredisrupted by cytochalasin D, C3 exoenzyme, and serum starvation, suggesting a functional interaction with the actin-basedcytoskeletal systems in interphase cells.
12537572| BACKGROUND: The recent completion of the Drosophila melanogaster genomic sequence to high quality and the availability ofa greatly expanded set of Drosophila cDNA sequences, aligning to 78% of the predicted euchromatic genes, afforded FlyBase theopportunity to significantly improve genomic annotations.
12477932| The National Institutes of Health Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) Program is a multiinstitutional effort to identify andsequence a cDNA clone containing a complete ORF for each human and mouse gene.
9385360| The predicted protein has P-loop nucleotide binding and GTPase motifs.
2174398| The nucleotide sequence of this clone predicts a relatively hydrophilic protein characteristic of a cytoplasmic ornuclear protein.
9611266| Septins are a family of highly conserved filament-forming proteins that have been shown to mediate cytokinesis andcytoskeletal organization in fungi and Drosophila.
9611266| The HCDCREL-1 gene possesses a non-consensus polyadenylation signal that apparently is not efficiently utilized, resulting inthe expression of a readthrough transcript also containing the platelet GPIb beta coding region.
10731132| The genome sequence of Drosophila melanogaster. (title)
9022087| Alternative expression of platelet glycoprotein Ib(beta) mRNA from an adjacent 5' gene with an imperfect polyadenylation signalsequence. (title)
9022087| Our cloning experiments demonstrate that the longer transcript results from a nonconsensus polyadenylation recognitionsequence, 5'AACAAT3', within a separate gene located upstream to the platelet GP Ib(beta) gene.
9022087| In the absence of normal polyadenylation the more 5' gene uses the polyadenylation site within its 3' neighbor, theplatelet GP Ib(beta) gene.
8697812| We have isolated a novel human cDNA that encodes a protein homologous to murine H5 and Diff6, and to yeast CDC10, and mappedit to chromosome region 2q37 by fluorescent in situ hybridization.
8697812| Its transcript has an open reading frame of 1,218 nucleotides encoding 406 amino acids.
8697812| The major type, 3.5 kb long, was expressed ubiquitously in all human tissues examined, but a 2.0-kb alternative transcriptlacking any long AU-rich element in the 3' non-coding region was expressed abundantly only in testis, heart and skeletalmuscle.
9520435| Data transferability from model organisms to human beings: insights from the functional genomics of the flightless region ofDrosophila. (title)
9520435| To examine this question, we characterized a saturation-mutagenized 67-kb region of the Drosophila genome by genedeletions, transgenic rescues, phenotypic dissections, genomic and cDNA sequencing, bio-informatic analysis, reversetranscription-PCR studies, and evolutionary comparisons.
9520435| Gene order is not evolutionarily conserved; the closest relatives of these genes are scattered throughout the yeast,nematode, and human genomes.
9520435| However, newer transgenic technologies in Drosophila and Mus, combined with coherency pattern analyses of gene networks,and synthetic neural modeling, offer insights into organismal function.
9520435| We conclude that industrially scaled robogenomics in model organisms will have great impact if it can be realisticallylinked to epigenetic analyses of human variation and to phenotypic analyses of human diseases in different genetic backgrounds.
8152419| Homologs of the yeast neck filament associated genes: isolation and sequence analysis of Candida albicans CDC3 and CDC10.(title)
8152419| Morphogenesis in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae consists primarily of bud formation.
8152419| Certain cell division cycle (CDC) genes, CDC3, CDC10, CDC11, CDC12, are known to be involved in events critical to thepattern of bud growth and the completion of cytokinesis.
10591208| The DNA sequence of human chromosome 22. (title)
10591208| The power of this approach has been amply demonstrated by the determination of the sequences of a number of microbial andmodel organisms.
10591208| The next step is to obtain the complete sequence of the entire human genome.
10591208| Here we report the sequence of the euchromatic part of human chromosome 22.
9169871| The nucleotide sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome XII. (title)
9169871| All of the genes of this simple eukaryotic cell have recently been revealed by an international collaborative effort todetermine the complete DNA sequence of its nuclear genome.
11322766| We could show that the tag corresponds to the 3' untranslated region of this novel gene named septin 3 and cloned threeisoforms A (2191 bp), B (4378 bp), and C (1896 bp) from human Ntera2/D1 cDNA.
11322766| Quantitative PCR confirmed the upregulation of the putative septin by neuronal differentiation and northern blotting showedonly one band corresponding to sep3B with a neurospecific expression pattern in adult human tissues.
11859360| The genome sequence of Schizosaccharomyces pombe. (title)
11859360| We have sequenced and annotated the genome of fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe), which contains the smallestnumber of protein-coding genes yet recorded for a eukaryote: 4,824.
11859360| Some 43% of the genes contain introns, of which there are 4,730.
11859360| Fifty genes have significant similarity with human disease genes; half of these are cancer related.
11859360| Few similarly conserved genes that are important for multicellular organization were identified, suggesting that thetransition from prokaryotes to eukaryotes required more new genes than did the transition from unicellular to multicellularorganization.
8181057| We have identified a Drosophila gene, peanut (pnut), that is related in sequence to the CDC3, CDC10, CDC11, and CDC12 genesof S. cerevisiae.
8181057| Pnut protein is localized to the cleavage furrow of dividing cells during cytokinesis and to the intercellular bridgeconnecting postmitotic daughter cells.
8181057| Our results suggest that this class of proteins is involved in aspects of cytokinesis that have been conserved betweenflies and yeast.
12747765| With regard to expression profiles, two of the novel gene products, NY-BR-62 and NY-BR-85, were characterized by a highlevel of testicular mRNA expression, and were overexpressed in 60% and 90% of breast cancers, respectively.
8590280| Obvious unique sequences noted were as follows.
12537569| BACKGROUND: A collection of sequenced full-length cDNAs is an important resource both for functional genomics studies andfor the determination of the intron-exon structure of genes.
12537569| We have previously described the Drosophila Gene Collection (DGC), a set of putative full-length cDNAs that was produced bygenerating and analyzing over 250,000 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) derived from a variety of tissues and developmentalstages.
12537569| RESULTS: We have generated high-quality full-insert sequence for 8,921 clones in the DGC.
12537569| This corresponds to at least one splice form for 40% of the predicted D. melanogaster genes.
9889007| Based on sequence homologies, the gene belongs to an expanding family of GTP-binding proteins, septins, that are involvedin cytokinesis.
8791410| The septins also appear to be involved in various other aspects of the organization of the cell surface.
9203580| Nedd5 accumulates near the contractile ring from anaphase through telophase, and finally condenses into the midbody.
9203580| In interphase and postmitotic cells, Nedd5 localizes to fibrous or granular structures depending on the growth state of thecell.
9203580| The Nedd5-containing fibers are disrupted by microinjection of GTPgammaS and by Nedd5 mutants lacking GTP-binding activity,implying that GTP hydrolysis is required for its assembly.
12537572| We made the annotation process more rigorous by inspecting each gene visually, utilizing a comprehensive set of curationrules, requiring traceable evidence for each gene model, and comparing each predicted peptide to SWISS-PROT and TrEMBLsequences.
12537572| RESULTS: Although the number of predicted protein-coding genes in Drosophila remains essentially unchanged, the revisedannotation significantly improves gene models, resulting in structural changes to 85% of the transcripts and 45% of thepredicted proteins.
12537572| We annotated transposable elements and non-protein-coding RNAs as new features, and extended the annotation of untranslated(UTR) sequences and alternative transcripts to include more than 70% and 20% of genes, respectively.
12477932| Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. (title)
12477932| All MGC sequences and clones are available without restriction through public databases and clone distribution networks(see http:mgc.nci.nih.gov).
8037772| We isolated a novel human cDNA, termed hCDC10, whose predicted product showed a high degree of homology to the CDC10protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
9385360| A human gene similar to Drosophila melanogaster peanut maps to the DiGeorge syndrome region of 22q11. (title)
9385360| The gene, which we call PNUTL1, maps to the region of 22q11.2 frequently deleted in DiGeorge and velo-cardio-facialsyndromes and is particularly highly expressed in the brain.
9385360| The mouse homologue, Pnutl1, maps to MMU16 adding to the growing number of genes from the DiGeorge syndrome region that mapto this chromosome.
2174398| Lymphocyte HEV adhesion variants differ in the expression of multiple gene sequences. (title)
2174398| Lymphocyte adhesion to high endothelial venule cells in lymphoid organs of mice is mediated by several cell-surfaceglycoproteins, one of which, gp90MEL-14, is detected by the MEL-14 monoclonal antibody (mAb).
2174398| The MEL-14 mAb was used to select two variants of the EL4 cell line, EL4MEL-14-hi and EL4-MEL-14-lo, that have disparate cellsurface expression of this adhesion receptor.
2174398| A cDNA library constructed from EL4MEL-14-hi mRNA was enriched for sequences present at higher levels in EL4MEL-14-hi cellsthan EL4MEL-14-lo cells.
2174398| Present experiments indicate that expression of gp90MEL-14, a cell-surface-adhesion receptor molecule, may be coregulatedwith additional cytoplasmic or nuclear factors.
12466851| Here we report the manual annotation of 60,770 full-length mouse complementary DNA sequences.
12466851| Of these transcriptional units, 4,258 are new protein-coding and 11,665 are new non-coding messages, indicating thatnon-coding RNA is a major component of the transcriptome.
9611266| As a first step in understanding the regulation and function of HCDCREL-1, we have analyzed the structure of this gene andcharacterized its expression in a variety of human cells.

STRP_STREQ.stru:

6760891| Streptokinase also contains internal sequence homology between the NH2-terminal 173 residues and a COOH-terminal162-residue region between residues 254 and 415.
2989113| Upstream from the skc gene, the putative skc promoter and the ribosome-binding site sequence have been identified;downstream from the coding region, inverted repeat sequences thought to function as transcription terminators have beendetected. 
6760891| The protein consists of 415 amino acid residues. 
2989113| Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence with the available amino acid sequence of a commercial streptokinasereveals minor primary structure differences. 
8746458| This sequence coding for a 441 amino acid protein is well conserved among streptococcus species: there are two veryconserved domains separated by a more variable region.
6760891| A COOH-terminal region of about 80 residues is apparently deleted from the second half of the duplicated structures.
6760891| These observations further suggest that the three-dimensional structure of streptokinase likely contains twoindependently folded domains, each homologous to serine proteases.
6760891| Complete amino acid sequence of streptokinase and its homology with serine proteases. (title) 
6760891| The NH2-terminal 245 residues of streptokinase are homologous to the sequences of several serine proteases includingbovine trypsin and Streptomyces griseus proteases A and B.
6760891| Moderate homology in predicted secondary structures also exists between these two regions.
2989113| The protein is synthesized with a 26-amino acid residue N-terminal extension having properties characteristic of asignal peptide.
6760891| The complete amino acid sequence of streptokinase has been determined by automated Edman degradation of its cyanogenbromide and proteolytic fragments. 
6760891| The sequence alignment suggests that the active-site histidine-57 has changed to a glycine in streptokinase.
6760891| The other active-site residues, aspartyl-102 and serine-195, are, however, present at the expected positions.
2989113| Furthermore, the skc gene sequence shows no extended regions homologous to the staphylokinase gene.
11296296| The 1,852,442-bp sequence of an M1 strain of Streptococcus pyogenes, a Gram-positive pathogen, has been determined andcontains 1,752 predicted protein-encoding genes.
11296296| The complete or partial sequence of four different bacteriophage genomes is also present, with each containing genesfor one or more previously undiscovered superantigen-like proteins.
2989113| Nucleotide sequence of the streptokinase gene from Streptococcus equisimilis H46A. (title)
2989113| The entire nucleotide sequence of a cloned 2568-bp PstI fragment from the genome of Streptococcus equisimilis H46A encodingthe streptokinase gene (skc) has been determined.
2989113| The longest open reading frame comprises 1320 bp which code for streptokinase.
2646590| Nucleotide sequence of the streptokinase gene from a Streptococcus pyogenes type 1 strain. (title)
11296296| Complete genome sequence of an M1 strain of Streptococcus pyogenes. (title)

TGR3_RAT.stru:

8294451| The deduced sequence of the primary translated product of endoglin consists of 643 amino acids with a highsequence identity (96%) to human endoglin in the transmembrane and intracellular domains, but with a lower sequencesimilarity (66%) in the extracellular domain. 
1657407| The encoded receptor is an 853 amino acid protein with a large N-terminal extracellular domain containing at leastone site for glycosaminoglycan addition, a single hydrophobic transmembrane domain, and a 41 amino acid cytoplasmictail with no obvious signaling motif. 
8370410| Sequencing of the largest clone (3073 bp), revealed that the leader sequence contains 25 residues and that the 586amino acids of the extracellular and transmembrane domains were identical to those described for endothelialendoglin.
8125301| The human and mouse sequences display 71% aa sequence identity with almost identical transmembrane andcytoplasmic domains.
1692830| The N-terminal sequence of placental endoglin was determined and found within the deduced protein sequence , thusconfirming the identity of the cDNA and revealing a partial signal peptide.
8370410| Both forms were shown to bind TGF-beta 1 and, when overexpressed in transfected mouse fibroblasts, to formdisulfide-linked homodimers, indicating that the cysteine residues present in the extracellular domain are responsiblefor the dimerization. 
8125301| Like its human counterpart, mouse endoglin displays significant sequence homology to the type-III TGF-beta receptor intwo extracellular domains, as well as striking similarity in the transmembrane and cytoplasmic regions. 
1692830| Endoglin is a type I integral membrane protein of Mr = 68,051 with an extracellular region of 561 amino acids, ahydrophobic transmembrane domain, and a 47-residue cytoplasmic tail.
1692830| There are four potential N-linked glycosylation sites in the N-terminal domain and a probable O-glycan domain rich inSer and Thr residues proximal to the membrane-spanning domain.
1333192| A high degree of sequence conservation was observed in the transmembrane and intracellular domains, which also havesequence similarity with human endoglin. 
1657406| The ectodomain of betaglycan can be released as a soluble proteoglycan; a potential cleavage site near the transmembraneregion is identical to the highly regulated cleavage site of the membrane-anchored transforming growth factor-alphaprecursor.
1657406| As deduced from its cDNA sequence, the 853 amino acid core protein of betaglycan has an extracellular domain withclustered sites for potential attachment of glycosaminoglycan chains. 
1333192| The human TGF-beta type III receptor coding region encodes a protein of 849 amino acids with a single transmembranedomain and a short stretch of the intracellular domain. 
1657406| The transmembrane region and the short cytoplasmic tail of betaglycan are very similar to these regions in humanendoglin, an endothelial cell membrane glycoprotein involved in intercellular recognition.
8125301| The sequence of a cDNA encoding the cell surface MJ7/18 antigen revealed homology to human endoglin, a homodimerictransforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta)-binding cell-surface glycoprotein expressed predominantly on vascular endothelialcells.
8294451| Antibodies, raised against a peptide corresponding to the intracellular domain of porcine endoglin, immunoprecipitated an84-kDa protein under reducing condition and a 130-kDa protein under nonreducing condition in porcine aortic endothelialcells. 
8194490| The transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of all three proteins differ by two to four amino acids and are 70% identicalto the corresponding regions of the TGF beta binding protein, betaglycan.
7864874| The deduced amino acid sequence of porcine ZP1 shared a 54% and 63% identity with those of mouse and human ZP2,respectively. 
1657406| We describe the primary structure of rat betaglycan, a polymorphic membrane-anchored proteoglycan with high affinityfor transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta).
8370410| Identification and expression of two forms of the human transforming growth factor-beta-binding protein endoglin withdistinct cytoplasmic regions. (title)
8370410| However, the cytoplasmic tail encoded by this cDNA clone contains only 14 amino acids as opposed to the 47 residuespreviously reported, suggesting the existence of two alternative endoglin variants.
8125301| One of the extracellular regions of homology with TGF-beta receptor III represents a truncated version of a homologyunit defining a novel gene family including uromodulin, the pancreatic granule protein gp2, and zona pellucida receptors forsperm.
1692830| The sequence contains an RGD tripeptide (374-376), the first identified on a surface protein of endothelium.
7841460| Within the ZPA, ZPB and ZPC gene families, the DNA and deduced amino acid sequences are highly homologous to each other,and are most homologous between members of the same order within the class mammalia. 
7864874| The zona pellucida composed of three or four glycoproteins plays important roles in fertilization. 
1333192| Potential glycosaminoglycan attachment sites were found in the extracellular domain. 
1333192| The overall amino acid sequence identities with those of the porcine and rat TGF-beta type III receptors were 83% and81%, respectively. 
1333192| In addition, two portions with 29 and 52 amino acids in the extracellular domain were found to be substantially similarwith human endoglin. 
10545596| ENDOGLIN codes for a homodimeric membrane glycoprotein that interacts with receptors for members of the TGF-betasuperfamily and is the gene mutated in the autosomal dominant vascular disorder hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia type 1(HHT1).
10545596| Biotinylation of cell surface proteins, metabolic labeling and pulse-chase analysis revealed that none of the engineeredmissense mutants was significantly expressed at the surface of COS-1 transfectants.
1657406| Structure and expression of the membrane proteoglycan betaglycan, a component of the TGF-beta receptor system. (title)
1657406| These chains are dispensable for TGF-beta binding to the core protein.
7841460| These results imply that all or most mammalian species express the ZPA, ZPB and ZPC proteins, which form the zona pellucidalayer surrounding the oocyte.
1657407| In L6 myoblasts lacking the endogenous type III receptor, expression of the recombinant receptor leads to an increase in theamount of ligand bound and cross-linked to surface type II TGF-beta receptors.
8370410| Endoglin is an homodimeric membrane antigen with capacity to bind transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and whoseexpression is up-regulated on myeloid cells upon differentiation to macrophages.
8294451| Endoglin forms a heteromeric complex with the signaling receptors for transforming growth factor-beta. (title)
1692830| Primary structure of endoglin, an RGD-containing glycoprotein of human endothelial cells. (title)
10545596| Pulse-chase analysis with HUVECs from a newborn with the C53R substitution indicated that mutant endoglin remainedintracellular as a precursor form and did not impair processing of the normal protein.
10545596| These data suggest that haploinsufficiency, leading to reduced levels of one of the major surface glyco-proteins ofvascular endothelium, is the predominant mechanism underlying the HHT1 phenotype.
10625079| No mutant protein was expressed at the cell surface in any of these cases, and a transient intracellular species was seenin samples of only two families, supporting a haploinsufficiency model.
7864874| Our previous study showed that porcine ZP1, one of the major glycoproteins of porcine zona pellucida, was divided into twocomponents (porcine ZP4 and ZP2), and suggested it was a homologue of mouse ZP2.
1657407| This indicates that the type III receptor may regulate the ligand-binding ability or surface expression of the type IIreceptor.
7894484| Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by multisystemic vasculardysplasia and recurrent haemorrhage.
7894484| In the present study, endoglin, a transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) binding protein, was analysed as a candidategene for the disorder based on chromosomal location, expression pattern and function.
8370410| Independent cDNA constructs corresponding to both forms were transfected into mouse fibroblasts leading to the expressionof two distinct endoglin molecules.
8294451| In contrast to human endoglin, porcine endoglin has no Arg-Gly-Asp tripeptide in its sequence.
8294451| Endoglin was phosphorylated on serine residue(s), which did not change after stimulation by TGF-beta 1.
8294451| These results revealed that endoglin is a phosphorylated protein which forms a heteromeric complex with signaling receptorsfor TGF-beta.
9245986| ENG sequences of affected members of the four linked families and probands from the 24 small families were screened formutations, by Southern blot analyses and by cycle sequencing of PCR-amplified DNA.
9245986| Five other mutations (two donor splice-site mutations and three deletions) produce altered mRNAs that are predicted toencode markedly truncated ENG proteins.
9245986| Mutations in other families are predicted to lie in ENG-regulatory regions or in one of the additional genes that may causeHHT.
8125301| The mouse endoglin is a type-I integral membrane protein of 653 amino acids (aa).
8125301| However, unlike its human counterpart, mouse endoglin does not contain an RGD tripeptide which has been suggested as aligand of integrins.
9157574| Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by multisystem vasculardysplasia and recurrent hemorrhage.
9157574| Since this mutation destroys one of three Fnu4H 1 sites in exon 4, the Fnu4H I digestion patterns of the PCR-amplified exon4 fragments from each family member were analyzed.
9157574| In affected members, the restriction patterns were all consistent with a phenotype of HHT.
8194490| Endoglin is an integral membrane glycoprotein predominantly expressed on human endothelial cells and recently shown to bindtransforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF beta 1) with high affinity.
8194490| The polypeptide of 653 amino acids has an overall identity of 72% with human and porcine endoglin.
8194490| In addition, the stromal cells in the connective tissue of intestine, stomach, heart, muscle, uterus, ovary, and testis werestrongly and specifically reactive with complementary RNA probes and with a polyclonal antibody to endoglin; epithelial celllayers were distinctly unreactive.
1692830| The presence of RGD, a key recognition structure in cellular adhesion, suggests a critical role for endoglin in the bindingof endothelial cells to integrins and/or other RGD receptors.
9554745| Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by multisystemic vasculardysplasia and recurrent hemorrhage from the sites of vascular lesions.
9554745| In this article we describe 11 novel ENG mutations in HHT kindreds, which include missense and splice-site mutations.

VFUS_VACCC.stru:

2033392| The orf virus sequence has a 31% identity with the vaccinia virus protein, but a higher level of homology ofcore predicted residues.
1856205| Determination of the sequence of the DNA segment revealed four potential protein coding regions, none of which hadevident similarity to any described RNA polymerase subunit of prokaryotes or eukaryotes. 
2795717| Overall, these results show that the pattern of genomic conservation and variation between two poxvirus genera reflects thepattern within the orthopoxvirus genus but that, as observed previously, individual genes may not be present in genomicregions which are otherwise conserved in organization.
2389560| DNA sequence analyses of the 14-kDa encoding gene of the mutant viruses, 65-16 and 101-14, reveal N-terminaldeletions of 46 and 10 amino acids, respectively.
2389560| These deletions remove a small hydrophobic region at the N-terminus of the 14-kDa protein and prevent fusion.
2389560| Our findings demonstrate that vaccinia virus can induce strong fusion of cells in culture at acid pH implying some entry ofthe virus by endocytosis, that the 14-kDa virus envelope protein is the fusogenic protein, and that the N-terminal proximalregion is involved in fusion.
2822962| The 14-kilodalton protein appears to play an important role in virus penetration at the level of cell fusion; it alsoelicits neutralizing antibodies, and it forms covalently linked trimers on the surface of virions and in infected cells(Rodriguez et al., J.
2822962| There are two small hydrophobic regions, one at the C terminus (11 amino acids) and the other at the N terminus (5amino acids).
2822962| Inspection of the deduced amino acid sequence of the 14-kilodalton protein revealed consensus sites with thehemagglutinin precursor of influenza A virus and with adenylate kinase and cytochrome c of various species. 
2795717| The sequence of the KS-1 DNA fragment contains homologs of genes which are on either side of the orthopoxvirus ATI genesbut contains no homolog of the ATI gene itself.
2033392| Examination of the sequences revealed an open reading frame encoding a 10K peptide with significant amino acid homologyto the 14K 'fusion' protein reported in vaccinia virus.
2822962| Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed an open reading frame (ATG) preceded by a characteristic TAA sequence of lategenes.
2033392| The secondary structure of both proteins is also similar. 
2219722| The genome consisted of 191,636 bp with a base composition of 66.6% A + T. 
2795717| No cross-hybridization could be detected between VV DNA and the respective left- and right-hand terminal 8 and 25 kb ofcapripoxvirus DNA or between capripoxvirus DNA and the respective left- and right-hand terminal 38 and 35 kb of VV DNA.
2795717| By using the cross-hybridization data, a 4-kb fragment of KS-1 DNA was identified, which corresponds to the regions of thecowpox virus and VV genomes containing genes for the orthopoxvirus A-type inclusion body protein ("ATI").
2033392| An orf virus sequence showing homology to the 14K 'fusion' protein of vaccinia virus. (title)
2033392| The nucleotide sequence of a region of DNA 30 kb from the right end of the orf virus genome has been determined.
2033392| The occurrence of the TAAAT sequence upstream from the initiation codon indicates that the sequence is likely to betranscribed late in infection.
1856205| Identification, sequence, and expression of the gene encoding a Mr 35,000 subunit of the vaccinia virus DNA-dependent RNApolymerase. (title)
2219722| We have identified 198 "major" protein-coding regions and 65 overlapping "minor" regions, for a totalof 263 potential genes.
2219722| Genes encoded by the virus were located by examination of DNA sequence characteristics and compared with existing vacciniavirus mapping analyses, sequence data, and transcription data.
2219722| These genes were found to be compactly organized along the genome with relatively few regions of noncoding sequences.
2389560| Vaccinia virus induces cell fusion at acid pH and this activity is mediated by the N-terminus of the 14-kDa virus envelopeprotein. (title)
2389560| We have identified the virus-induced fusion protein as a 14-kDa envelope protein, based on the ability of a 14-kDaspecific monoclonal antibody (mAbC3) to block vaccinia virus-induced fusion-from-within and fusion-from-without.
2389560| We provide genetic evidence for a role of the 14-kDa protein in cell fusion, since insertion of the 14-kDa encoding geneinto the genome of nonfusogenic mutant viruses generates heterozygous viruses that now acquire acid pH-dependent fusion activity.
2822962| Mapping and nucleotide sequence of the vaccinia virus gene that encodes a 14-kilodalton fusion protein. (title)
2822962| A library of rabbit poxvirus DNA fragments contained in the expression cloning vector lambda gt11 was screened withmonoclonal antibodies that react specifically against a 14-kilodalton envelope protein of vaccinia virus and rabbit poxvirus.
2822962| Restriction enzyme analysis and hybridization studies mapped the 14-kilodalton encoding sequences in the middle ofvaccinia virus HindIII A DNA fragment.
2822962| The sequence spans 330 nucleotides and codes for a protein with a molecular weight of 12,500 and an isoelectric point of6.3.
2822962| The protein contains two cysteines for oligomer formation and one glycosylation site.
2795717| This showed that a 100- to 115-kilobase (kb) centrally placed section is essentially colinear in organization in the twoviruses and that a small region has translocated between the ends of one or other of the genomes during their divergence.
1856205| The gene rpo35, encoding a subunit of the vaccinia virus DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, was identified, and its RNA andprotein products were characterized.
1856205| An Mr 35,000 polypeptide, which bound antibody to the purified RNA polymerase, was synthesized in reticulocyte lysatesprogrammed with viral mRNA that hybridized to a 2,300-base pair segment of the viral genome.
1856205| One open reading frame that could encode a 35,400-Da protein was identified as rpo35 on the basis of mRNA hybridization,cell-free translation, and immunoprecipitation.
1856205| The identification was confirmed by sequencing tryptic peptides of the authentic Mr 35,000 RNA polymerase subunit.
1856205| RNA analyses indicated that the 5'-end of an early transcript started 25 nucleotides upstream of rpo35, which is consistentwith the location of an early promoter consensus sequence.
8384129| Analysis of variola virus nucleotide sequence revealed proteins belonging to several families which provide the virus withthe possibility of overcoming the barriers of specific and non-specific host defence against viral infection.
2219722| The complete DNA sequence of vaccinia virus. (title)
2219722| The complete DNA sequence of the genome of vaccinia virus has been determined.
2219722| Whereas several similarities to proteins of known function were discerned, the function of the majority of proteins encodedby these open reading frames is as yet undetermined.
2389560| The mechanism by which the large-size poxviruses enter animal cells is not known.
1666548| (Creation of a clone library of fragments from the natural variola virus and study of the structural and functionalorganization of viral genes from a circle of hosts) (title)

VGLG_IHNV.stru:

2741347| The deduced amino acid sequence of G shows that the encoded protein is a typical transmembrane glycoprotein of 524amino acids containing a cleavable amino-terminal signal peptide, two potential N-linked glycosylation sites, a hydrophobicmembrane anchor domain near the carboxy terminus, and a cytoplasmic domain at the carboxy terminus. 
6268840| The predicted M protein sequence does not contain any long hydrophobic or nonpolar domains that might promotemembrane association.
6268840| G protein contains two large hydrophobic domains, one in the signal peptide and the other in the transmembranesegment near the COOH terminus. 
1413521| The region contains two long open reading frames (ORFs) which are bounded by putative consensus (AACAGG) andpolyadenylation (CATG(A)7) sequences and are separated by an intergenic region of 53 nucleotides.
1413521| The deduced amino acid sequence of the G protein includes putative signal and transmembrane domains and fivepotential glycosylation sites. 
2985803| A single amino acid substitution in a hydrophobic domain causes temperature-sensitive cell-surface transport of amutant viral glycoprotein. (title) 
2985803| By recombining the cDNA clones in vitro and expressing the recombinants in COS cells, we were able to trace the criticallesion in tsO45 to a single substitution of a polar amino acid (serine) for a hydrophobic amino acid (phenylalanine) in ahydrophobic domain. 
1413521| A database search indicated that both the G and GNS proteins share significant amino acid sequence homology with otherrhabdovirus G proteins and with each other. 
2822842| Nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences were determined and compared to previously known sequences of otherrhabdovirus glycoproteins to determine the relatedness of Sigma virus to other viruses of this group. 
2168974| These primarily consist of an imprecise reiteration of the sequence UUUUUAA, apparently generated by a uniquepolymerase stuttering error. 
2741347| Somewhat unusual is the appearance of two charged amino acid residues, aspartate and arginine, within the putativemembrane anchor sequence.
2741347| Thus, the covalent attachment of fatty acid to this molecule may occur at one or both of the cysteines within themembrane anchor domain.
1413521| The second ORF encodes a polypeptide of 586 amino acids which also has characteristics of a rhabdovirus glycoprotein,including putative signal and transmembrane domains and eight potential glycosylation sites, and appears to correspond to a90-kDa nonstructural glycoprotein (GNS) identified in BEFV-infected cells (Walker et al. (1991) J.
6268840| Nucleotide sequences of the mRNA's encoding the vesicular stomatitis virus G and M proteins determined from cDNA clonescontaining the complete coding regions. (title)
6268840| The complete nucleotide sequences of the vesicular stomatitis virus mRNA's encoding the glycoprotein (G) and the matrixprotein (M) have been determined from cDNA clones that contain the complete coding sequences from each mRNA.
6268840| The protein is rich in basic amino acids and contains a highly basic amino terminal domain.
6298453| The nucleotide sequence of the mRNA encoding the glycoprotein from the New Jersey serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus(VSV) was determined from a cDNA clone containing the entire coding region.
6298453| The sequence of 12 5'-terminal noncoding nucleotides present in the mRNA but not in the cDNA clone was determined from aprimer extended to the 5' terminus of the mRNA.
6298453| The positions and sizes of the transmembrane domains, the signal sequences, and the glycosylation sites are identicalin both VSV serotypes.
2139267| The strong conservation of both noncoding and coding nucleotide sequences indicates a high selective pressure on theprimary structure of rabies virus genomic RNA.
3033264| The nucleotide sequence of the mRNA encoding the glycoprotein of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus was determinedfrom a cDNA clone containing the entire coding region.
3033264| The positions and sizes of the signal sequence and transmembrane domain and the possible glycosylation sites weredetermined.
2168974| These sequences are also compared with partial G gene sequences of VSV IND type 2 (Cocal) and type 3 (Alagoas) virusesand the complete G gene sequences of the more distantly related VSV New Jersey (NJ) and Chandipura viruses.
3033264| The predicted amino acid sequence was compared with that of the glycoprotein of the Indiana and New Jersey serotypes ofvesicular stomatitis virus and with the glycoprotein of rabies virus, using a computer program which determined optimalalignment. 
2168974| Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence differences among VSV IND type 1 viruses revealed numerous substitutionswithin defined antigenic epitopes, suggesting that immune selection may play a role in the evolution of these viruses. 
2741347| Like the viral G protein, the expressed G contained covalently linked palmitic acid.
2741347| However, unlike its vesicular stomatitis virus (Indiana serotype) counterpart, the Chandipura G protein has no potentialpalmitate-accepting cysteine residue within its cytoplasmic domain.
3459163| Rabies cDNA clones, obtained by "walking along the genome" using two successive DNA primers, have allowed thesequence determination of the genes encoding the N, M1, M2, G, and the beginning of the L protein as well as the rabiesintergenic regions.
3459163| Except for limited stretches of the nucleoprotein, there is no homology between corresponding structural proteins ofthese three viruses.
3459163| Rabies intergenic regions are variable both in length and sequence.
6268840| The close correspondence of the positions of these sites with the reported timing of the addition of the two oligosaccharidesduring synthesis of G suggests that glycosylation occurs as soon as the appropriate asparagine residues traverse the membraneof the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
6298453| Two of five serine residues which were possible esterification sites for palmitate in the glycoprotein from the Indianaserotype are changed to glycine residues in the glycoprotein from the New Jersey serotype.
6298453| Because the glycoprotein of the New Jersey serotype does not contain esterified palmitate, we suggest that one or both ofthese residues are the probable esterification sites in the glycoprotein from the Indiana serotype.
1954257| The cDNA was 2035 bp long and contained two open reading frames (ORF).
2985803| DNA sequences were determined for three cDNA clones encoding vesicular stomatitis virus glycoproteins from the tsO45 mutant(which encodes a glycoprotein that exhibits temperature-sensitive cell-surface transport), the wild-type parent strain, and aspontaneous revertant of tsO45.
1736537| Simultaneous presence of both the parental and variant sequences was indeed evidenced in the brain of a mouse inoculatedwith the cell-adapted variant; during multiplication in the mouse brain, the frequency of the parental sequence rose from lessthan 10% to nearly 50%, indicating the selective advantage conferred by arginine 333 in nervous tissue.
2168974| Nineteen percent sequence variation but no deletions or insertions were evident within the 5' noncoding and the codingregions of the VSV IND type 1 G genes.
2168974| In addition to numerous base substitutions, the 3' noncoding regions of these viruses also contained numerous baseinsertions and deletions.
2741347| The G protein was intracellularly transported to the cell surface and could induce cell fusion at low pH, showing that theexpressed G protein was biologically active.
1413521| The genome of bovine ephemeral fever rhabdovirus contains two related glycoprotein genes. (title)
1413521| A 3789 nucleotide region of the bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) genome, located 1.65 kb downstream of the N gene, hasbeen cloned and sequenced.
1413521| The first ORF encodes a polypeptide comprising 623 residues which was identified by peptide sequencing as the virion Gprotein.
1413521| Highest homology scores for each protein were with sigma virus and vesicular stomatitis virus serotypes.
3459163| Walking along the rabies genome: is the large G-L intergenic region a remnant gene? (title)
3459163| Evidence for the existence of a remnant protein gene in the 423 nucleotide long G-L intergenic region is presented.
3459163| This finding is discussed in terms of the evolution of unsegmented negative-strand RNA viruses.
6268840| Two sites of glycosylation are predicted at amino acid residues 178 and 335.
6298453| Nucleotide sequence of a cDNA clone encoding the entire glycoprotein from the New Jersey serotype of vesicular stomatitisvirus. (title)
6298453| Short homologies between the untranslated termini of this mRNA and the mRNAs of the Indiana serotype were found.
6298453| The predicted protein sequence was compared with that of the glycoprotein of the Indiana serotype of VSV and with theglycoprotein of rabies virus, using a computer program which determines optimal alignment.
6298453| An amino acid identity of 50.9% was found for the two VSV serotypes.
6298453| Approximately 20% identity was found between the rabies virus and VSV New Jersey glycoproteins.
2139267| Molecular cloning and complete nucleotide sequence of the attenuated rabies virus SAD B19. (title)
2139267| Deduced protein sequences are highly similar to those of the pathogenic PV strain, homologies ranging from 90.6% for the Mto 98.6% for the L protein.
2139267| The five cistrons are separated by intergenic regions of 2, 5, 5, and 24 nucleotides, respectively.
2139267| The G transcription stop/polyadenylation consensus signal in SAD B19 is destroyed by a deletion of three A residues.
3005478| Treatment of nude mice with anti-asialo-GM1 allowed BHK cells persistently infected with wild-type VSV to form tumours, andBHK cells persistently infected with VSV-P were resistant to natural killer (NK) cells in vitro; this implicates NK cells in thein vivo rejection of persistently infected tumours and in the selection of the VSV-P variant.
3005478| In this paper, we have sequenced the glycoprotein (G protein), matrix (M) and non-structural (NS) proteins of threeindependently derived VSV-P type mutants to find mutations associated with in vivo passage of persistently infected nude mousetumours and with resistance to NK cells.
1954257| Although the protein encoded by this ORF displayed no similarity with other rhabdovirus proteins, it was supposed that thecDNA had been reverse-transcribed from a readthrough mRNA encoding successively for the M2 and the G proteins.
2822842| Rhabdovirus sigma, the hereditary CO2 sensitivity agent of Drosophila: nucleotide sequence of a cDNA clone encoding theglycoprotein. (title)
2822842| A cDNA copy of the entire coding region of the glycoprotein mRNA was cloned.
2985803| The DNA sequence analysis showed that as many as three amino acid changes could be responsible for the transport defect.
2985803| Comparison of the predicted glycoprotein sequences from two vesicular stomatitis virus strains suggests a possible basisfor the differential carbohydrate requirement in transport of the two glycoproteins.
3033264| Nucleotide sequence of a cDNA clone carrying the glycoprotein gene of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus, a fishrhabdovirus. (title)
3033264| An amino acid identity of approximately 20% was found between infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus and the two vesicularstomatitis virus serotypes and between infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus and rabies virus.
1736537| Rapid sequence evolution of street rabies glycoprotein is related to the highly heterogeneous nature of the viral population.(title)
1736537| The sequence of the glycoprotein gene of a street rabies virus was determined directly using fragments of a rabid dog brainafter PCR amplification.
1736537| Compared with that of the prototype strain CVS, this sequence displayed 10% divergence in overall amino acid composition.
1736537| However only 6% divergence was noted in the ectodomain suggesting that structural constraints are exerted on this portionof the glycoprotein.
1736537| One of them concerned antigenic site III where arginine at position 333 was replaced by glutamine.
1736537| As expected this substitution conferred resistance to a site IIIa monoclonal antibody (MAb), but surprisingly did notabolish neurovirulence for adult mice.
1736537| However, a decrease in the neurovirulence of the cell-adapted variant in the presence of a site IIIa specific MAb wasnoted, suggesting that neurovirulence was due to a subpopulation neutralizable by the MAb.
1736537| This heterogeneity was further demonstrated by the sequencing of molecular clones of the glycoprotein gene, which revealedthat only one-third of the viral genomes present in the brain of a rabid dog had the consensus sequence.
2168974| We report the entire glycoprotein (G) gene nucleotide sequences of 26 vesicular stomatitis virus Indiana serotype (VSV IND)type 1 isolates from North and Central America.
2168974| Phylogenetic analysis of the G gene sequences by maximum parsimony revealed four major lineages or subtypes within theclassical VSV IND (type 1) viruses, each with a distinct geographic distribution.
2168974| A high degree of VSV genetic diversity was found in Central America, with several virus subtypes of both VSV IND and NJserotypes existing in this mainly enzootic disease region.
2168974| As the VSV IND type 1 subtypes have diverged from the common ancestor with the NJ subtypes, their G mRNAs have accumulatedmore 3' noncoding sequence inserts, ranging up to 303 nucleotides in length.